Assigning on-demand vehicles based on ETA of fixed-line vehicles

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods related to ridesharing may involve receiving a ride request from a user including a desired destination and information associated with a current location of the user, and receive location information of on-demand and of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles and based on the received location information, identify a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle available to pick from a first pick-up location identify an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available to pick from a second pick-up location, both locations other than the current location of the user, determine a first value and a second value indicative of a time duration for the fixed-line and one demand ridesharing vehicles to arrive at the first and second pick-up locations, respectively, and when the first value is less than the second value, inform the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and direct the user to the first pick-up location.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No.PCT/US2019/012477, filed Jan. 7, 2019, which claims the benefit ofpriority of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/614,558, filedJan. 8, 2018; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/615,592, filedJan. 10, 2018; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/654,818,filed Apr. 9, 2018. All of the foregoing applications are incorporatedherein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND I. Technical Field

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of vehicleridesharing and systems and methods for ridesharing management andrideshare scheduling.

II. Background Information

Recent years have witnessed increasing interest and development in thefield of vehicle sharing, where one or more riders may share the samevehicle for a portion of their rides. Ridesharing may save ride costs,increase vehicle utilization, and reduce air pollution. A rider may usea ridesharing service through a ridesharing service application accessedby the rider's mobile device.

SUMMARY

Embodiments consistent with the present disclosure provide systems andmethods for vehicle ridesharing and for managing a fleet of ridesharingvehicles. For example, consistent with the disclosed embodiments, thefleet of ridesharing vehicles may include more than 10 ridesharingvehicles, more than 100 ridesharing vehicles, or more than 1000ridesharing vehicles that pick up multiple users and drop them off atlocations proximate but other than their desired destinations.

In an embodiment, a system for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude a communications interface configured to receive ride requestsfrom a first plurality of communication devices associated with aplurality of users, wherein each ride request includes a starting pointand a desired destination corresponding to each of the plurality ofusers; and receive location information from a second plurality ofcommunication devices associated with a plurality of ridesharingvehicles, wherein the location information includes global positioningsystem (GPS) data generated by GPS components associated with the secondplurality of communication devices. The system may further include atleast one processor configured to: assign a first ridesharing vehicle topick up a first group of users from the plurality of users; determine,for each of the first group of users, a pick-up location other than thestarting point and a drop-off location other than the desireddestination; provide, to each of the first group of users, a descriptionof the determined pick-up location and an estimated pick-up time; afterpicking up some of the first group of users and before dropping themoff, receive an indication of an unanticipated ridesharing event;determine an inability of the first ridesharing vehicle to pick up anext user from the first group of users at a corresponding estimatedpick-up time due to the unanticipated ridesharing event; reassign thenext user to a second ridesharing vehicle transporting a second group ofusers; determine a new route for the first ridesharing vehicle that doesnot include the determined pick-up location of the next user and a newroute for the second ridesharing vehicle that includes the determinedpick-up location of the next user; and direct the first ridesharingvehicle and the second ridesharing vehicle according to their newroutes.

In an embodiment, a method for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude receiving ride requests from a first plurality of communicationdevices associated with a plurality of users, wherein each ride requestincludes a starting point and a desired destination corresponding toeach of the plurality of users; receiving location information from asecond plurality of communication devices associated with a plurality ofridesharing vehicles, wherein the location information includes globalpositioning system (GPS) data generated by GPS components associatedwith the second plurality of communication devices; assigning a firstridesharing vehicle to pick up a first group of users from the pluralityof users; determining for each of the first group of users, a pick-uplocation other than the starting point and a drop-off location otherthan the desired destination; providing, to each of the first group ofusers, a description of the determined pick-up location and an estimatedpick-up time; after picking up some of the first group of users andbefore dropping them off, receiving an indication of an unanticipatedridesharing event; determining an inability of the first ridesharingvehicle to pick up a next user from the first group of users at acorresponding estimated pick-up time due to the unanticipatedridesharing event; reassigning the next user to a second ridesharingvehicle transporting a second group of users; determining a new routefor the first ridesharing vehicle that does not include the determinedpick-up location of the next user and a new route for the secondridesharing vehicle that includes the determined pick-up location of thenext use; and directing the first ridesharing vehicle and the secondridesharing vehicle according to their new routes.

In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium maystore instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, causethe at least one processor to perform a method for directing ridesharingvehicles. The method may include receiving ride requests from a firstplurality of communication devices associated with a plurality of users,wherein each ride request includes a starting point and a desireddestination corresponding to each of the plurality of users; receivinglocation information from a second plurality of communication devicesassociated with a plurality of ridesharing vehicles, wherein thelocation information includes global positioning system (GPS) datagenerated by GPS components associated with the second plurality ofcommunication devices; assigning a first ridesharing vehicle to pick upa first group of users from the plurality of users; determining for eachof the first group of users, a pick-up location other than the startingpoint and a drop-off location other than the desired destination;providing, to each of the first group of users, a description of thedetermined pick-up location and an estimated pick-up time; after pickingup some of the first group of users and before dropping them off,receiving an indication of an unanticipated ridesharing event;determining an inability of the first ridesharing vehicle to pick up anext user from the first group of users at a corresponding estimatedpick-up time due to the unanticipated ridesharing event; reassigning thenext user to a second ridesharing vehicle transporting a second group ofusers; determining a new route for the first ridesharing vehicle thatdoes not include the determined pick-up location of the next user and anew route for the second ridesharing vehicle that includes thedetermined pick-up location of the next use; and directing the firstridesharing vehicle and the second ridesharing vehicle according totheir new routes.

In an embodiment, a system for directing a vehicle may include at leastone processor configured to receive, from a wireless communicationdevice, location data indicative of a current location of the vehicle;direct the vehicle to a desired destination using a first driving route;receive, at a first time, data indicating that a new route for thevehicle is requested; predict a location of the vehicle at a second timethat will occur after the first time, the location being one where adriver of the vehicle can safely implement instructions associated withchanging the first driving route; determine, based on the predictedlocation of the vehicle at the second time, a second driving route; andprior to the second time, send instructions associated with the seconddriving route to the wireless communication device.

In an embodiment, a method for directing a vehicle may include receivingglobal positioning system (GPS) data indicative of a current location ofthe vehicle, the GPS data have been generated by a GPS componentassociated with a wireless communication device; directing the vehicleto a desired destination using a first driving route; receiving, at afirst time, data indicating that a new route for the vehicle isrequested; predicting a location of the vehicle at a second time thatwill occur after the first time, the location being one where a driverof the vehicle can safely implement instructions associated withchanging the first driving route; and prior to the second time,directing the vehicle to the desired destination using a second drivingroute associated with the predicted location of the vehicle.

In an embodiment, a system for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude a communications interface for receiving shared-ride requestsfrom a plurality of users; and at least one processor configured toreceive, via the communications interface, a first request for ashared-ride from a first user, the first request including informationfor a first starting point and a first desired destination; receivecurrent vehicle location data for a fleet of ridesharing vehicles,wherein the current vehicle location data includes global positioningsystem (GPS) data generated by at least one GPS component associatedwith each ridesharing vehicle; electronically assign a ridesharingvehicle to pick up the first user and determine a driving route fortransporting the first user, wherein the driving route includes a firstpick-up location and a first drop-off location for the first user;determine a target arrival time at the first drop-off location; receive,via the communications interface, a second request for a shared-ridefrom a second user, the second request including information related toa second starting point and a second desired destination of the seconduser; calculate an estimated delay that would be caused to the firstuser by picking up of the second user; determine whether the delay wouldcause the first user to arrive at the first drop-off location after thetarget arrival time; determine that picking up the second user will notcause the first user to arrive at the first drop-off location after thetarget arrival time and electronically assign the ridesharing vehicle topick up the second user; and direct the ridesharing vehicle according toan updated driving route that includes a second pick-up location and asecond drop-off location for the second user.

In an embodiment, a method for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude receiving a first request for a shared-ride from a first user,the first request including information for a first starting point and afirst desired destination; receiving current vehicle location data for afleet of ridesharing vehicles, wherein the current vehicle location dataincludes global positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least oneGPS component associated with each ridesharing vehicle; electronicallyassigning a ridesharing vehicle to pick up the first user and determinea driving route for transporting the first user, wherein the drivingroute includes a first pick-up location and a first drop-off locationfor the first user; determining for the first user a target arrival timeat the first drop-off location; receiving a second request for ashared-ride from a second user, the second request including informationrelated to a second starting point and a second desired destination ofthe second user; calculating an estimated delay that would be caused tothe first user by picking up of the second user; determining whether thedelay would cause the first user to arrive at the first drop-offlocation after the target arrival time; when picking up the second useris determined not to cause the first user to arrive at the firstdrop-off location after the target arrival time, electronicallyassigning the ridesharing vehicle to pick up the second user; anddirecting the ridesharing vehicle according to an updated driving routethat includes a second pick-up location and a second drop-off locationfor the second user.

In an embodiment, a system for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude a communications interface configured to receive a ride requestfrom a user, wherein the ride request includes a desired destination andinformation associated with a current location of the user; and receivelocation information of a first group of on-demand ridesharing vehiclesand a second group of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. The system mayfurther include at least one processor configured to, based on thereceived location information, identify a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a first pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user; based on the received locationinformation, identify an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available topick-up the user from a second pick-up location other than the currentlocation of the user; determine a first value indicative of a timeduration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the firstpick-up location; determine a second value indicative of a time durationfor the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the second pick-uplocation; and when the first value is less than the second value, informthe user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and directthe user to the first pick-up location.

In an embodiment, a method for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude receiving a ride request from a user, wherein the ride requestincludes a desired destination and information associated with a currentlocation of the user; receiving location information of a first group ofon-demand ridesharing vehicles and a second group of fixed-linesridesharing vehicles; based on the received location information,identifying a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle available to pick-up theuser from a first pick-up location other than the current location ofthe user; based on the received location information, identifying anon-demand ridesharing vehicle available to pick-up the user from asecond pick-up location other than the current location of the user;determining a first value indicative of a time duration for thefixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the first pick-up location;determining a second value indicative of a time duration for theon-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the second pick-up location;and when the first value is less than the second value, informing theuser that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and directingthe user to the first pick-up location.

In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium maystore instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, causethe at least one processor to perform a method for directing ridesharingvehicles. The method may include receiving a ride request from a user,wherein the ride request includes a desired destination and informationassociated with a current location of the user; receiving locationinformation of a first group of on-demand ridesharing vehicles and asecond group of fixed-lines ridesharing vehicles; based on the receivedlocation information, identifying a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a first pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user; based on the received locationinformation, identifying an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available topick-up the user from a second pick-up location other than the currentlocation of the user; determining a first value indicative of a timeduration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the firstpick-up location; determining a second value indicative of a timeduration for the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the secondpick-up location; and when the first value is less than the secondvalue, informing the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle isenroute and directing the user to the first pick-up location.

In an embodiment, a system for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude a communications interface configured to receive informationindicative of an event associated with atypical demand fortransportation; and receive location information from a plurality ofcommunication devices associated with a plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles. The system may further include at least oneprocessor configured to determine an inability of one or more fixed-lineridesharing vehicles in the plurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehiclesto address the atypical demand for transportation; access dataidentifying predetermined driving routes of the plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles; based on the accessed data, select a fixed-lineridesharing vehicle to temporarily cease driving along its predetermineddriving route; compensate for the inability of the one or morefixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand for transportationby directing the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle along a newdriving route that differs from the predetermined driving route; andafter abatement of the inability, terminate travel of the selectedfixed-line ridesharing vehicle along the new driving route and directthe selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to return to travelingaccording to its predetermined driving route.

In an embodiment, a method for directing ridesharing vehicles mayinclude receiving information indicative of an event associated withatypical demand for transportation; receiving location information froma plurality of communication devices associated with a plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles; determining an inability of one or morefixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand for transportation;accessing data identifying predetermined driving routes of the pluralityof fixed-line ridesharing vehicles; based on the accessed data,selecting a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to temporarily cease drivingalong its predetermined driving route; compensating for the inability ofthe one or more fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand fortransportation by directing the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehiclealong a new driving route that differs from the predetermined drivingroute; and after abatement of the inability, terminating travel of theselected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle along the new driving route anddirect the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to return totraveling according to its predetermined driving route.

In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium maystore instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, causethe at least one processor to perform a method for directing ridesharingvehicles. The method may include receiving location information from aplurality of communication devices associated with a plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles; determining an inability of one or morefixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand for transportation;accessing data identifying predetermined driving routes of the pluralityof fixed-line ridesharing vehicles; based on the accessed data,selecting a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to temporarily cease drivingalong its predetermined driving route; compensating for the inability ofthe one or more fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand fortransportation by directing the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehiclealong a new driving route that differs from the predetermined drivingroute; and after abatement of the inability, terminating travel of theselected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle along the new driving route anddirect the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to return totraveling according to its predetermined driving route.

Consistent with other disclosed embodiments, non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media may store program instructions, whichare executed by at least one processing device and perform any of themethods described herein.

The foregoing general description and the following detailed descriptionare exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of theclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute partof this disclosure, illustrate various example embodiments. In thedrawings:

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example ridesharing managementsystem, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the components of an example mobilecommunications device associated with a ridesharing management system,in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the components of an exampleridesharing management server associated with a ridesharing managementsystem, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts of example processes for vehicleridesharing management, in accordance with some embodiments of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of example timelines showing ridesharingarrangements, in accordance with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of a memory module for managing a fleet ofridesharing vehicles consistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process for directingridesharing vehicles.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing aplurality of ridesharing vehicles according to updated information inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 depicts an embodiment of a memory module for providinginstructions to a vehicle consistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process forproviding navigational directions to a vehicle consistent with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing avehicle in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 depicts an embodiment of a memory module for providinginstructions to a vehicle consistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process fordirecting a ridesharing vehicle consistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing avehicle in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 14B is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing avehicle according to updated information in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 is an exemplary embodiment of a memory containing modulesconsistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 16A is a flowchart showing exemplary process for assigning aridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based on a waiting time, accordingto the present disclosure.

FIG. 16B is a flowchart showing exemplary process for assigning aridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based on a utilized capacity,according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 16C is a flowchart showing exemplary process for assigning aridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based on a travel duration toreach a desired destination, according to the present disclosure

FIG. 16D is a flowchart showing exemplary process for assigning aridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based on an estimated walkingdistance, according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing aridesharing vehicle consistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 is an exemplary embodiment of a memory containing modulesconsistent with the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is an exemplary schematic of ridesharing vehicle selected foraddressing an atypical demand for transportation consistent with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process for directing aridesharing vehicle consistent with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings.Wherever possible, the same reference numbers are used in the drawingsand the following description to refer to the same or similar parts.While several illustrative embodiments are described herein,modifications, adaptations and other implementations are possible. Forexample, substitutions, additions or modifications may be made to thecomponents illustrated in the drawings, and the illustrative methodsdescribed herein may be modified by substituting, reordering, removing,or adding steps to the disclosed methods. Accordingly, the followingdetailed description is not limited to the disclosed embodiments andexamples. Instead, the proper scope is defined by the appended claims.

Disclosed embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods andsystems for vehicle ridesharing and vehicle ridesharing management. Theterm “vehicle” or “ridesharing vehicle” as used herein refers to anykind of vehicle (e.g., car, van, SUV, truck, bus, etc.) suitable forhuman transportation, such as providing ride services. In someembodiments, a vehicle may be a taxi. In some embodiments, a vehicle mayinclude an autonomous vehicle, wherein a control device integrated withthe vehicle or a management system separate from the vehicle may sendoperational instructions and guide the vehicle to designated pick-uplocations and drop-off locations. For the ease and conciseness ofdescription, some embodiments disclosed herein may simply refer to avehicle or a taxi as an example, which does not limit the scope of thedisclosed embodiments.

Consistent with some embodiments of the present disclosure, aridesharing management system may receive a first ride request from afirst user. The first ride request may include a starting point and adesired destination. The ridesharing management system may calculate afirst estimated pick-up time based on a current location of a vehiclethat is in the surrounding areas. After sending a confirmation with theestimated pick-up time, the ridesharing management system may then guidethe vehicle to a pick-up location for picking up the first rider. Thepick-up location may be a different location from the starting pointincluded in the first ride request. The system may also guide the firstuser to the pick-up location.

In some embodiments, the system may subsequently receive a second riderequest from a second user, for example, while the first user is stillin the vehicle. The second ride request may include a second startingpoint and a second desired destination. The system may calculate asecond estimated pick-up time, provide a second confirmation to thesecond rider, and guide the second rider to a second pick-up location.In some embodiments, the second pick-up location may be a differentlocation from the second starting point included in the second riderequest.

In some embodiments, the system may calculate the fares for each user,based on the solo ride portion for a corresponding user, and the sharedportion of the ride. For example, the system may offer a discount forthe shared portion of the ride. In some embodiments, the system may alsocalculate the fare amount for a particular user based on variousservice-related parameters such as user input regarding whether to usetoll roads, the walking distance between the starting point and thepick-up location, and the walking distance between the desireddestination and the drop-off location.

The embodiments herein further include computer-implemented methods,tangible non-transitory computer-readable mediums, and systems. Thecomputer-implemented methods can be executed, for example, by at leastone processor that receives instructions from a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium. Similarly, systems and devicesconsistent with the present disclosure can include at least oneprocessor and memory, and the memory can be a non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium. As used herein, a “non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium” refers to any type of physical memoryon which information or data readable by at least one processor can bestored. Examples include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory(ROM), volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, hard drives, CD ROMs, DVDs,flash drives, disks, and any other known physical storage medium.Singular terms, such as “memory” and “computer-readable storage medium,”can additionally refer to multiple structures, such a plurality ofmemories or computer-readable storage mediums. As referred to herein, a“memory” may comprise any type of computer-readable storage mediumunless otherwise specified. A computer-readable storage medium may storeinstructions for execution by at least one processor, includinginstructions for causing the processor to perform steps or stagesconsistent with an embodiment herein. Additionally, one or morecomputer-readable storage mediums may be used in implementing acomputer-implemented method. The term “computer-readable storage medium”should be understood to include tangible items and exclude carrier wavesand transient signals.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example ridesharing managementsystem, in which various implementations as described herein may bepracticed, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Asshown in FIG. 1 , ridesharing management system 100 includes one or moremobile communications devices 120A-120F (collectively referred to asmobile communications devices 120), a network 140, a ridesharingmanagement server 150, and a database 170. The plurality of mobilecommunications devices 120A-120F may further include a plurality of userdevices 120A-120C associated with users 130A-130C respectively, aplurality of driver devices 120D and 120E associated with drivers 130Dand 130E, and a driving-control device 120F associated with anautonomous vehicle 130F. Consistent with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure, ridesharing management server 150 may communicate withdriving-control device 120F to direct autonomous vehicle 130F to pick upand drop off users 130A-130C. In one example, autonomous vehiclescapable of detecting objects on the road and navigate to designatedlocations may be utilized for providing ridesharing services.

The components and arrangements shown in FIG. 1 are not intended tolimit the disclosed embodiments, as the system components used toimplement the disclosed processes and features can vary. For example,ridesharing management system 100 may include multiple ridesharingmanagement servers 150, and each ridesharing management server 150 mayhandle a certain category of ridesharing services, ridesharing servicesassociated with a certain category of service vehicles, or ridesharingservices in a specific geographical region, such that a plurality ofridesharing management servers 150 may collectively provide a dynamicand integrated ridesharing service system.

Network 140 may facilitate communications between user devices 120 andridesharing management server 150, for example, receiving ride requestsand other ride server related input from or sending confirmations touser devices, and sending ride service assignments to driver devices anddriving-control devices. Network 140 may be any type of networks thatprovides communications, exchanges information, and/or facilitates theexchange of information between ridesharing management server 150 anduser devices 120. For example, network 140 may be the Internet, a LocalArea Network, a cellular network, a public switched telephone network(“PSTN”), or other suitable connection(s) that enables ridesharingmanagement system 100 to send and receive information between thecomponents of ridesharing management system 100. Network 140 may supporta variety of messaging formats, and may further support a variety ofservices and applications for user devices 120. For example, network 140may support navigation services for mobile communications devices 120,such as directing the users and service vehicles to pick-up or drop-offlocations.

Ridesharing management server 150 may be a system associated with acommunication service provider which provides a variety of data orservices, such as voice, messaging, real-time audio/video, to users,such as users 130A-130E. Ridesharing management server 150 may be acomputer-based system including computer system components, desktopcomputers, workstations, tablets, handheld mobile communicationsdevices, memory devices, and/or internal network(s) connecting thecomponents. Ridesharing management server 150 may be configured toreceive information from mobile communications devices 120 over network140, process the information, store the information, and/or transmitinformation to mobile communications devices 120 over network 140.

For example, in some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 maybe configured to: receive ride requests from user devices 120A-120C,send ride confirmation and ride fare information to user devices120A-120C, and send ride service assignments (for example, includingpick-up and drop-off location information) to driver devices 120D and120E, and driving-control device 120F. Further, ridesharing managementserver 150 may further be configured to receive user input from userdevices 120A-120C as to various ride service parameters, such as walkingdistance to a pick-up location, maximum delay of arrival/detour, andmaximum number of subsequent pick-ups, etc. In some embodiments,ridesharing management server 150 may be further configured to:calculate ride fares based on a solo portion of a user's ride and ashared portion of the ride. Further, the ride fare calculation mayfurther be based on various ride service parameters set by the user,such as the walking distance involved in the ride, and user selectionregarding toll road usage, etc.

Database 170 may include one or more physical or virtual storagescoupled with ridesharing management server 150. Database 170 may beconfigured to store user account information (including registered useraccounts and driver accounts), corresponding user profiles such ascontact information, profile photos, and associated mobilecommunications device information. With respect to users, user accountinformation may further include ride history, service feedbacks,complaints, or comments. With respect to drivers, user accountinformation may further include number of ride service assignmentscompleted, ratings, and ride service history information. Database 170may further be configured to store various ride requests received fromuser devices 120A-120C and corresponding starting point and desireddestination information, user input regarding various serviceparameters, pick-up and drop-off locations, time of pick-up anddrop-off, ride fares, and user feedbacks, etc.

Database 170 may further include traffic data, maps, and toll roadinformation, which may be used for ridesharing service management.Traffic data may include historical traffic data and real-time trafficdata regarding a certain geographical region, and may be used to, forexample, calculate estimate pick-up and drop-off times, and determine anoptimal route for a particular ride. Real-time traffic data may bereceived from a real-time traffic monitoring system, which may beintegrated in or independent from ridesharing management system 100.Maps may include map information used for navigation purposes, forexample, for calculating potential routes and guiding the users to apick-off or drop-off location. Toll road information may include tollcharges regarding certain roads, and any change or updates thereof. Tollroad information may be used to calculate ride fares, for example, incases where the user permits use of toll roads.

The data stored in database 170 may be transmitted to ridesharingmanagement server 150 for accommodating ride requests. In someembodiments, database 170 may be stored in a cloud-based server (notshown) that is accessible by ridesharing management server 150 and/ormobile communications devices 120 through network 140. While database170 is illustrated as an external device connected to ridesharingmanagement server 150, database 170 may also reside within ridesharingmanagement server 150 as an internal component of ridesharing managementserver 150.

As shown in FIG. 1 , users 130A-130E may include a plurality of users130A-130C, and a plurality of drivers 130D and 130E, who may communicatewith one another, and with ridesharing management server 150 usingvarious types of mobile communications devices 120. As an example, amobile communications device 120 may include a display such as atelevision, tablet, computer monitor, video conferencing console, orlaptop computer screen. A mobile communications device 120 may furtherinclude video/audio input devices such as a microphone, video camera,keyboard, web camera, or the like. For example, a mobile communicationsdevice 120 may include mobile devices such as a tablet or a smartphonehaving display and video/audio capture capabilities. A mobilecommunications device 120 may also include one or more softwareapplications that facilitate the mobile communications devices to engagein communications, such as IM, VoIP, video conferences. For example,user devices 130A-130C may send requests to ridesharing managementserver 150, and receive confirmations therefrom. Drivers 130D and 130Emay use their respective devices to receive ride service assignments andnavigation information from ridesharing management server 150, and maycontact the users with their respective devices 120D and 120E.

In some embodiments, a user may directly hail a vehicle by hand gestureor verbal communication, such as traditional street vehicle hailing Insuch embodiments, once a driver accepts the request, the driver may thenuse his device to input the ride request information. Ridesharingmanagement server 150 may receive such request information, andaccordingly assign one or more additional ride service assignments tothe same vehicle, for example, subsequent e-hail ride requests receivedfrom other mobile communications devices 120 through network 140.

In some embodiments, driver devices 120D and 120E, and driving-controldevice 120F may be embodied in a vehicle control panel, as a part of thevehicle control system associated with a particular vehicle. Forexample, a traditional taxi company may install a drive device in alltaxi vehicles managed by the taxi company. In some embodiments, driverdevices 120D and 120E, and driving-control device 120F, may be furthercoupled with a payment device, such as a card reader installed as a partof the vehicle control panel or as a separate device associated with thevehicle. A user may then use the payment device as an alternativepayment mechanism. For example, a user who hails the taxi on the streetmay pay through the payment device, without using a user deviceproviding ridesharing service.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the components of an example mobilecommunications device 200 associated with a ridesharing managementsystem, such as system 100 as shown in FIG. 1 , in accordance with someembodiments of the present disclosure. Mobile communications device 200may be used to implement computer programs, applications, methods,processes, or other software to perform embodiments described in thepresent disclosure, such as mobile communications devices 120A-120F. Forexample, user devices 120A-120C, driver devices 120D and 120E, anddriving-control device 120F may respectively be installed with a userside ridesharing application, and a corresponding driver sideridesharing application.

Mobile communications device 200 includes a memory interface 202, one ormore processors 204 such as data processors, image processors and/orcentral processing units, and a peripherals interface 206. Memoryinterface 202, one or more processors 204, and/or peripherals interface206 can be separate components or can be integrated in one or moreintegrated circuits. The various components in mobile communicationsdevice 200 may be coupled by one or more communication buses or signallines.

Sensors, devices, and subsystems can be coupled to peripherals interface206 to facilitate multiple functionalities. For example, a motion sensor210, a light sensor 212, and a proximity sensor 214 may be coupled toperipherals interface 206 to facilitate orientation, lighting, andproximity functions. Other sensors 216 may also be connected toperipherals interface 206, such as a positioning system (e.g., GPSreceiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, or other sensingdevice, to facilitate related functionalities. A GPS receiver may beintegrated with, or connected to, mobile communications device 200. Forexample, a GPS receiver may be included in mobile telephones, such assmartphone devices. GPS software may allow mobile telephones to use aninternal or external GPS receiver (e.g., connecting via a serial port orBluetooth). A camera subsystem 220 and an optical sensor 222, e.g., acharged coupled device (“CCD”) or a complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (“CMOS”) optical sensor, may be used to facilitate camerafunctions, such as recording photographs and video clips.

Communication functions may be facilitated through one or morewireless/wired communication subsystems 224, which includes a Ethernetport, radio frequency receivers and transmitters and/or optical (e.g.,infrared) receivers and transmitters. The specific design andimplementation of wireless/wired communication subsystem 224 may dependon the communication network(s) over which mobile communications device200 is intended to operate. For example, in some embodiments, mobilecommunications device 200 may include wireless/wired communicationsubsystems 224 designed to operate over a GSM network, a GPRS network,an EDGE network, a Wi-Fi or WiMax network, and a Bluetooth® network.

An audio subsystem 226 may be coupled to a speaker 228 and a microphone230 to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition,voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions.

I/O subsystem 240 may include touch screen controller 242 and/or otherinput controller(s) 244. Touch screen controller 242 may be coupled totouch screen 246. Touch screen 246 and touch screen controller 242 may,for example, detect contact and movement or break thereof using any of aplurality of touch sensitivity technologies, including but not limitedto capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wavetechnologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other elementsfor determining one or more points of contact with touch screen 246.While touch screen 246 is shown in FIG. 2 , I/O subsystem 240 mayinclude a display screen (e.g., CRT or LCD) in place of touch screen246.

Other input controller(s) 244 may be coupled to other input/controldevices 248, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, thumb-wheel,infrared port, USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus. Touchscreen 246 may, for example, also be used to implement virtual or softbuttons and/or a keyboard.

Memory interface 202 may be coupled to memory 250. Memory 250 includeshigh-speed random access memory and/or non-volatile memory, such as oneor more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical storagedevices, and/or flash memory (e.g., NAND, NOR). Memory 250 may store anoperating system 252, such as DRAWIN, RTXC, LINUX, iOS, UNIX, OS X,WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system such as VXWorkS. Operatingsystem 252 may include instructions for handling basic system servicesand for performing hardware dependent tasks. In some implementations,operating system 252 can be a kernel (e.g., UNIX kernel).

Memory 250 may also store communication instructions 254 to facilitatecommunicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computersand/or one or more servers. Memory 250 can include graphical userinterface instructions 256 to facilitate graphic user interfaceprocessing; sensor processing instructions 258 to facilitatesensor-related processing and functions; phone instructions 260 tofacilitate phone-related processes and functions; electronic messaginginstructions 262 to facilitate electronic-messaging related processesand functions; web browsing instructions 264 to facilitate webbrowsing-related processes and functions; media processing instructions266 to facilitate media processing-related processes and functions;GPS/navigation instructions 268 to facilitate GPS and navigation-relatedprocesses and instructions; camera instructions 270 to facilitatecamera-related processes and functions; and/or other softwareinstructions 272 to facilitate other processes and functions.

In some embodiments, communication instructions 254 may include softwareapplications to facilitate connection with ridesharing management server150 that handles vehicle ridesharing requests. Graphical user interfaceinstructions 256 may include a software program that facilitates a userassociated with the mobile communications device to receive messagesfrom ridesharing management server 150, provide user input, and so on.For example, a user may send ride requests and ride service parametersto ridesharing management server 150 and receive ridesharing proposalsand confirmation messages. A driver may receive ride service assignmentsfrom ridesharing management server 150, and provide ride service statusupdates.

Each of the above identified instructions and applications maycorrespond to a set of instructions for performing one or more functionsdescribed above. These instructions need not be implemented as separatesoftware programs, procedures, or modules. Memory 250 may includeadditional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, variousfunctions of mobile communications device 200 may be implemented inhardware and/or in software, including in one or more signal processingand/or application specific integrated circuits.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the components of an example anautomated ridesharing dispatch system 300 that includes ridesharingmanagement server 150 associated with a ridesharing management system100, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.Ridesharing management server 150 may include a bus 302 (or othercommunication mechanism), which interconnects subsystems and componentsfor transferring information within ridesharing management server 150.

As shown in FIG. 3 , automated ridesharing dispatch system 300 mayinclude one or more processors 310, one or more memories 320 storingprograms 330 including, for example, server app(s) 332, operating system334, and data 340, and a communications interface 360 (e.g., a modem,Ethernet card, or any other interface configured to exchange data with anetwork, such as network 140 in FIG. 1 ). Automated ridesharing dispatchsystem 300 may communicate with an external database 170 (which, forsome embodiments, may be included within ridesharing management server150). Automated ridesharing dispatch system 300 may include a singleserver (e.g., ridesharing management server 150) or may be configured asa distributed computer system including multiple servers, server farms,clouds, or computers that interoperate to perform one or more of theprocesses and functionalities associated with the disclosed embodiments.The term “cloud server” refers to a computer platform that providesservices via a network, such as the Internet. When ridesharingmanagement server 150 is a cloud server it may use virtual machines thatmay not correspond to individual hardware. Specifically, computationaland/or storage capabilities may be implemented by allocating appropriateportions of desirable computation/storage power from a scalablerepository, such as a data center or a distributed computingenvironment.

Processor 310 may be one or more processing devices configured toperform functions of the disclosed methods, such as a microprocessormanufactured by Intel™ or manufactured by AMD™. Processor 310 maycomprise a single core or multiple core processors executing parallelprocesses simultaneously. For example, processor 310 may be a singlecore processor configured with virtual processing technologies. Incertain embodiments, processor 310 may use logical processors tosimultaneously execute and control multiple processes. Processor 310 mayimplement virtual machine technologies, or other technologies to providethe ability to execute, control, run, manipulate, store, etc. multiplesoftware processes, applications, programs, etc. In some embodiments,processor 310 may include a multiple-core processor arrangement (e.g.,dual, quad core, etc.) configured to provide parallel processingfunctionalities to allow ridesharing management server 150 to executemultiple processes simultaneously. It is appreciated that other types ofprocessor arrangements could be implemented that provide for thecapabilities disclosed herein.

Memory 320 may be a volatile or non-volatile, magnetic, semiconductor,tape, optical, removable, non-removable, or other type of storage deviceor tangible or non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores oneor more program(s) 330 such as server apps 332 and operating system 334,and data 340. Common forms of non-transitory media include, for example,a flash drive, a flexible disk, hard disk, solid state drive, magnetictape, or any other magnetic data storage medium, a CD-ROM, any otheroptical data storage medium, any physical medium with patterns of holes,a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM or any other flash memory,NVRAM, a cache, a register, any other memory chip or cartridge, andnetworked versions of the same.

Ridesharing management server 150 may include one or more storagedevices configured to store information used by processor 310 (or othercomponents) to perform certain functions related to the disclosedembodiments. For example, ridesharing management server 150 may includememory 320 that includes instructions to enable processor 310 to executeone or more applications, such as server apps 332, operating system 334,and any other type of application or software known to be available oncomputer systems. Alternatively or additionally, the instructions,application programs, etc., may be stored in an external database 170(which can also be internal to ridesharing management server 150) orexternal storage communicatively coupled with ridesharing managementserver 150 (not shown), such as one or more database or memoryaccessible over network 140.

Database 170 or other external storage may be a volatile ornon-volatile, magnetic, semiconductor, tape, optical, removable,non-removable, or other type of storage device or tangible ornon-transitory computer-readable medium. Memory 320 and database 170 mayinclude one or more memory devices that store data and instructions usedto perform one or more features of the disclosed embodiments. Memory 320and database 170 may also include any combination of one or moredatabases controlled by memory controller devices (e.g., server(s),etc.) or software, such as document management systems, Microsoft SQLdatabases, SharePoint databases, Oracle™ databases, Sybase™ databases,or other relational databases.

In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may becommunicatively connected to one or more remote memory devices (e.g.,remote databases (not shown)) through network 140 or a differentnetwork. The remote memory devices can be configured to storeinformation that ridesharing management server 150 can access and/ormanage. By way of example, the remote memory devices may includedocument management systems, Microsoft SQL database, SharePointdatabases, Oracle™ databases, Sybase™ databases, or other relationaldatabases. Systems and methods consistent with disclosed embodiments,however, are not limited to separate databases or even to the use of adatabase.

Programs 330 may include one or more software modules causing processor310 to perform one or more functions of the disclosed embodiments.Moreover, processor 310 may execute one or more programs locatedremotely from one or more components of the ridesharing managementsystem 100. For example, ridesharing management server 150 may accessone or more remote programs that, when executed, perform functionsrelated to disclosed embodiments.

In the presently described embodiment, server app(s) 332 may causeprocessor 310 to perform one or more functions of the disclosed methods.For example, devices associated with users, drivers and autonomousvehicles may respectively be installed with user applications forvehicle ridesharing services, and driver applications for vehicleridesharing services. Further, a mobile communications device may beinstalled with both the driver applications and the user applications,for uses in corresponding situations.

In some embodiments, other components of ridesharing management system100 may be configured to perform one or more functions of the disclosedmethods. For example, mobile communications devices 120 may beconfigured to calculate estimate pick-up and drop-off times based on acertain ride request, and may be configured to calculate estimate ridefares. As another example, mobile communications devices 120 may furtherbe configured to provide navigation service, and location service, suchas directing the user to a particular pick-up or drop-off location, andproviding information about a current location of the respective user orvehicle to ridesharing management server 150.

In some embodiments, program(s) 330 may include operating system 334performing operating system functions when executed by one or moreprocessors such as processor 310. By way of example, operating system334 may include Microsoft Windows™, Unix™, Linux™, Apple™ operatingsystems, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) type operating systems, suchas Apple iOS, Google Android, Blackberry OS, Microsoft CE™, or othertypes of operating systems. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments mayoperate and function with computer systems running any type of operatingsystem 334. Ridesharing management server 150 may also include softwarethat, when executed by a processor, provides communications with network140 through communications interface 360 and/or a direct connection toone or more mobile communications devices 120. Specifically,communications interface 360 may be configured to receive ride requests(e.g., from user devices 120A-120C) headed to differing destinations,and receive indications of the current locations of the ridesharingvehicles (e.g., from driver devices 120D and 120E or driving-controldevice 120F). In one example, communications interface 360 may beconfigured to continuously or periodically receive current vehiclelocation data for the plurality of ridesharing vehicles that are part ofridesharing management system 100. The current vehicle location data mayinclude global positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least oneGPS component of a mobile communications device 120 associated with eachridesharing vehicle.

In some embodiments, data 340 may include, for example, profiles ofusers, such as user profiles or driver profiles. Data 340 may furtherinclude ride requests from a plurality of users, user ride history anddriver service record, and communications between a driver and a userregarding a particular ride request. In some embodiments, data 340 mayfurther include traffic data, toll road information, and navigationinformation, which may be used for handling and accommodating riderequests.

Automated ridesharing dispatch system 300 may also include one or moreI/O devices 350 having one or more interfaces for receiving signals orinput from devices and providing signals or output to one or moredevices that allow data to be received and/or transmitted by automatedridesharing dispatch system 300. For example, automated ridesharingdispatch system 300 may include interface components for interfacingwith one or more input devices, such as one or more keyboards, mousedevices, and the like, that enable automated ridesharing dispatch system300 to receive input from an operator or administrator (not shown).

FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts of example processes 410 and 420 forvehicle ridesharing management, in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. In one embodiment, all of the steps of process400 may be performed by a ridesharing management server, such asridesharing management server 150 described above with reference toFIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, at least some of the steps of process 400may be performed by a mobile communications device, such as the mobilecommunications devices 120 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and2 . In the following description, reference is made to certaincomponents of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes of illustration. It will beappreciated, however, that other implementations are possible and thatother components may be utilized to implement example methods disclosedherein.

At step 411, ridesharing management server 150 may receive a first riderequest from a first wireless communication of a first user, forexample, a request from user 130A sent through user device 120A. Thefirst ride request may include a first starting point and a firstdesired destination. A ride request may refer to a request from a userneeding transportation service from a certain location to another. Astarting point may refer to a current location of the user, as input bythe user through an input device of an associated user device, or asdetermined by a location service application installed on the userdevice. In some embodiments, the starting point may be a locationdifferent from the current location of the user, for example, a locationwhere the user will subsequently arrive at (e.g., entrance of abuilding). A desired destination may refer to a location where the userrequests to be taken to.

In some embodiments, the actual pick-up location and the actual drop-offlocation may be different from the starting point and the desireddestination. For example, the pick-up location may be of a certaindistance from the starting point, where the user may be directed to forpick-up. By encouraging the user to walk to a pick-up location nearby,consistent with some embodiments, the vehicle may more easily andquickly locate the user without excessive detour, or causing excessivedelay for users who are in the vehicle. Similarly, by encouraging theuser to walk from a drop-off location different from but within acertain distance from the desired destination, the vehicle may be ableto accommodate subsequent pick-ups, or arrive at the subsequent pick-uplocations more quickly. The vehicle ridesharing service managementsystem may provide incentives or rewards for the user who are willing towalk a certain distance. For example, the ridesharing management systemmay offer certain discounts based on the number and distances of thewalks involved in a particular ride. Alternatively, the ridesharingmanagement system may offer ride credits corresponding to the number anddistance of the walks undertaken by the user during his rides. The usermay use the credits for subsequent ride payment, or redeem the creditfor money, free rides, or other rewards. Further, advantages of suchembodiments may include more efficient vehicle use and management, moreuser flexibility, and less air pollution associated with vehicle use.

In some embodiments, prior to or after the user sends a ride request toridesharing management server 150, the user may further input rideservice parameters through, for example, a settings component providedon a user interface. Ride service parameters refer to user preferenceparameters regarding a vehicle ridesharing service, for example, amaximum walking distance from the starting point to a pick-up location,a maximum walking distance from a drop-off location to a desireddestination, a total maximum walking distance involved in a ride, amaximum number of subsequent pick-ups, maximum delay of arrival/detourincurred by subsequent pick-ups during a ride, and a selection whetherto permit toll road usage during the ride, etc.

Ride service parameters may be transmitted to ridesharing managementserver 150 for processing the request and assignment of an availablevehicle based on the ride service parameters. For example, a riderequest may be associated with a maximum walking distance of 300 metersfrom a starting point to a pick-up location. When assigning an availablevehicle to pick up the user, ridesharing management server 150 mayinclude in the assignment an assigned pick-up location within 300 metersor less of the starting point. Similarly, a ride request may beassociated with a maximum walking distance of 0.5 mile from a drop-offlocation to a desired destination. When assigning an available vehicleto pick up the user, ridesharing management server 150 may include inthe assignment an assigned drop-off location within 0.5 mile or lessfrom the desired destination.

For requests associated with a maximum total walking distance of onemile during the ride, when assigning an available vehicle to pick up theuser, ridesharing management server 150 may include in the assignment anassigned pick-up location and an assigned drop-off location, a total ofa distance from the starting point to the assigned pick-up location anda distance from the assigned drop-off location to a desired destinationmay be equal to or less than one mile.

In the above examples, the values regarding the walking distances areonly exemplary. Other embodiments consistent with the present disclosuremay use different options of the distances and may provide a list ofoptions. The distances may further be measured in different units, forexample, miles, meters, kilometers, blocks, and feet, etc., which arenot limited by the disclosed embodiments herein. In some embodiments,the distance may further be represented by an average walking time froma certain location to another, based on average walking speed, forexample, ten minutes, five minutes, etc.

With respect to parameters regarding subsequent pick-ups, such as amaximum number of subsequent pick-ups, and maximum delay of arrivalincurred by subsequent pick-ups, ridesharing management server 150 mayassign subsequent pick-ups accordingly, without exceeding the parametersset by the user. For example, a ride request may be associated with amaximum number of two subsequent pick-ups during the ride. Ridesharingmanagement server 150 may monitor the service status of the vehicleassigned to pick up the user, and refrain from assigning a thirdsubsequent pick-up before the vehicle arrives at the a drop-off locationfor dropping off the user. As another example, for a ride requestassociated with a maximum delay of arrival of ten minutes, whenassigning subsequent ride requests, ridesharing management server 150may calculate an estimated delay that may occur to the user if the samevehicle was to undertake the subsequent ride request. If the estimateddelay that may occur to the user is more than ten minutes, ridesharingmanagement server 150 may assign the subsequent ride request to otheravailable vehicles.

In some embodiments, the user may also input selection of toll roadusage through the associated user device, to allow or disallow use oftoll roads. Ridesharing management server 150 may then take the user'sselection into account when assigning an available vehicle foraccommodating the ride request, determining travel route, andcalculating ride fare for the user. For example, ridesharing managementserver 150 may adjust the ride fare amount for a corresponding userbased on the toll roads selection input and toll charges involved. Foranother example, if a first user does not permit toll road usage, beforeany subsequent pick-ups during the ride, ridesharing management server150 may send a route to an assigned vehicle that does not include tollroads. For another example, if a subsequent user sharing the ridepermits usage of toll road, ridesharing management server 150 may notcharge the first user for any overlap portion of the ride where tollroads are used, change the route to include toll roads after the firstuser is dropped off, or assign the second user to a ridesharing vehiclewith users that permit toll road usage.

In some embodiments, the ride request information may also be input fromthe driver device, for example, driver device 120D, or from a deviceassociated with the vehicle. In the case of street hailing, where theuser hails a vehicle on the street without using a vehicle ridesharingservice application on a mobile communications device, the driver, forexample, driver 130D, may input information such as the startingpoint/pick-up information and destination information through driverdevice 120D, which may then be transmitted to ridesharing managementserver 150.

At step 413, ridesharing management server 150 may calculate anestimated pick-up time, for example, based on a current location of anassigned vehicle and the first starting point included in the first riderequest. An estimated pick-up time may refer to a time period before anassigned vehicle arrives at a pick-up location for picking up the user.

The assigned vehicle may refer to the vehicle that is assigned toundertake the first ride request, for example, a taxi in a taxi fleet,one of a plurality of vehicles managed by a transportation servicesystem, or a plurality of vehicles owned by a plurality of owners andused to provide ridesharing services. The pick-up location may be thesame as the starting point, or an assigned pick-up location associatedwith the starting point.

The estimated pick-up time may be determined based on a distance betweena current location of the assigned vehicle and the pick-up location, andan estimate speed of traveling along the route between the twolocations. The current location of the assigned vehicle may bedetermined by a location service application installed on a driverdevice, a driving-control device, or by a location determinationcomponent in the ridesharing management system 100, which may be a partof or separate from ridesharing management server 150. In someembodiments, the estimated pick-up time may further be determined basedon historical or real-time traffic data, and a route currently followedby the vehicle.

In some embodiments, process 410 may further include locating one or aplurality of potential available vehicles, and selecting an assignedvehicle therefrom. For example, potential available vehicles may includevacant vehicles in the surrounding areas of the first starting point,and vehicles heading to a location close to the first starting point forassigned pick-ups or drop-offs. Ridesharing management server 150 mayfilter potential available vehicles by ride service parameters set bythe users who are inside the vehicle, for example, removing occupiedvehicles where a user inside the vehicle does not permit subsequentpick-ups, or occupied vehicles where the user requires a minimal delay.In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may filterpotential assignment vehicles by choosing a vehicle that would involveminimal walking of the user, or walking without the need of crossing thestreet. In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 mayfurther filter potential assignment vehicles by choosing a vehicle thatwould involve minimal detour for the vehicle to arrive at the pick-uplocation. In some embodiments, the assigned vehicle may be selected byapplying multiple filter criteria, or by applying multiple filtercriteria in a certain order.

In some embodiments, the pick-up location may be an assigned pick-uplocation different from the first starting point, for example, half ablock or further away from the first starting point. Ridesharingmanagement server 150 may assign a pick-up location based on rideservice parameters set by the first user, as described above at step411. Ridesharing management server 150 may further assign a pick-uplocation which is along a main street where an assigned vehicle caneasily locate, or a location which would not require an assign vehicleto take a U-turn. In cases where there are one or more other users inthe vehicle, ridesharing management server 150 may assign a pick-uplocation close to the vehicle's next assigned drop-off, or on the sideof a street where the vehicle will soon go through. In some embodiments,ridesharing management server 150 may adjust selection of the pick-uplocation based on filtering results of potential assignment vehicles, orvice versa. The two selection processes may complement each other toreach one or more optimal combinations.

In some embodiments, where there are multiple potential assignmentvehicles, each with a corresponding potential pick-up location, anestimated pick-up time may be respectively calculated corresponding toeach of the potential assignment vehicles. Ridesharing management server150 may then choose the vehicle with the shortest estimated pick-up timeto be the assigned vehicle.

At step 415, ridesharing management server 150 may send a first messageto a user device associated with the first user, which is, in thisexample, user device 120A. The first message may be configured to causean indication of the calculated first estimated pick-up time to appearon a display of user device 120A. The message may appear in differentformats, for example, a text message including the estimated pick-uptime, an audio message, or an image, the specific implementation ofwhich are not limited by the disclosed embodiments herein.

In one embodiment, the message includes a confirmation that theridesharing request is accepted. If ridesharing management server 150assigns a pick-up location different from the starting point, themessage may further cause the display of an indication of the assignedpick-up location. Ridesharing management server 150 may further providea navigation option which may be displayed on a user interface. Aselection of the navigation option may then provide walking directionsthe user to the assigned pick-up location for pick-up. The message mayfurther cause a display of an indication of an estimated walkingdistance from the starting point to the assigned pick-up location. Inaddition, the message may include an estimated walking distance from theassigned drop-off location to the desired destination. The assigneddrop-off location may be a location close to the desired destination,within the maximum walking distance parameters set by the first user.For example, the drop-off location may be at a location half a blockaway or further from the desired destination, and may be along a mainstreet where the vehicle may easily locate and access. For anotherexample, the drop-off location may be determined based on a routetowards the next pick-up location, such that the vehicle may easily dropoff the first user on its way to the next pick-up location, therebyavoiding an extra detour.

In another embodiment, the message may include one or more proposalsassociated with different vehicles. Each proposal may includeinformation about the proposed pick-up location. The information aboutthe proposed pick-up location may include the distance from the user tothe proposed pick-up location. Each proposal may include a price of theride associated with the type of the ride, and an estimation of apick-up time. The estimate may be presented as a range. In one example,each proposal may include different pick-up locations, different prices,and/or different estimations of a pick-up time. According to thisembodiment, step 415 may also include receiving a proposal selectionreflective of a selected pick-up vehicle and sending an addition messagethat includes information about the selected vehicle, and the driverassociated with the vehicle. For example, the vehicle information mayinclude the license plate number, brand, color, and/or model of thevehicle. The driver information may include a name, nickname, profilephoto, ratings, number of previous rides, and/or contact information ofthe driver. The message may further include a contact option allowingthe user to contact the driver, for example, a “contact the driver”button, which the user may select to initiate a communication sessionwith the driver.

At step 417, ridesharing management server 150 may guide the assignedvehicle to the first pick-up location for picking up the first user. Forexample, ridesharing management server 150 may transmit directioninformation to the driver device associated with the assigned vehicle,for example, driver device 120D or driving-control device 120F. In someembodiments, a navigation component of the driver device, or thedriving-control device may perform the step of guiding the vehicle tothe first pick-up location. Correspondingly, ridesharing managementserver 150, or a navigation component of the user device 120A, may guidethe user to the first pick-up location, in cases where the pick-uplocation is an assigned pick-location different from the first startingpoint. For example, for autonomous vehicles used for ridesharingservices, such as autonomous vehicle 130F as shown in FIG. 1 , thevehicle itself may be capable of using a variety of techniques to detectits surroundings, identify feasible paths, and navigate without directhuman input.

In some embodiments, once the vehicle is assigned to pick up the user,ridesharing management server 150 may assign a communication channel forthe driver associated with the assigned vehicle to communicate with theuser, for example, a masked phone number. In some embodiments, a userinterface of a driver device, such as driver device 120D, may include anoption to send notification messages to the user, for example, apre-defined message button of “I'm here.” Once the vehicle arrives atthe pick-up location, the driver may click the message button to sendthe message to the user. This way, the driver may not need to dial outor type a message in order to notify the user of the vehicle's arrival,reducing driver distraction and associated safety hazards.

At step 419, ridesharing management server 150 may receive a second riderequest from a second user. In some embodiments, the second user requestmay be a street hailing request received directly by the vehicle whilethe first user is still inside, namely, before dropping off the firstuser. The vehicle may then undertake the second ride request, if thefirst user permits subsequent pick-ups. In some embodiments, the driverof the vehicle may input the second ride request information through adriver device, for example, driver device 120D associated with driver130D. The input may inform ridesharing management server 150 that thevehicle has undertaken a second ride request, or may further include thepick-up location and destination information of the second user.Ridesharing management server 150 may then accordingly determine whetherto assign additional pick-ups to the same vehicle, and may further senddirection information guiding the vehicle to the second user'sdestination.

In some embodiments, the second ride request may be received byridesharing management server 150 from a second wireless mobilecommunications device, for example, user device 120B associated withuser 130B as shown in FIG. 1 . The second ride request may furtherinclude a second starting point, and a second desired destination.Ridesharing management server 150 may then assign a corresponding rideservice to an available vehicle, which may be the vehicle that haspicked up the first user, before dropping off the first user. Inprocessing the second ride request, the example process 420 as shown inFIG. 4B may be performed.

At step 422, ridesharing management server 150 may calculate a secondestimated pick-up time, for example, based on a second current locationof the vehicle and the second starting point. The second estimatedpick-up time may refer to an estimated time period before the vehiclearrives at a second pick-up location for picking up the second user. Thesecond pick-up location may be an assigned pick-up location differentfrom, but associated with, the second starting point. Assignment of thesecond pick-up location may include similar steps as described abovewith reference to FIG. 4A, details of which are not repeated herein.

At step 424, ridesharing management server 150 may send a second messageto the second wireless mobile communication device, which is user device120B in this example. The second message may be configured to cause anindication of the calculated second estimated pick-up time to appear ona display of the second wireless mobile communication device. Asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 4A, the message may appear indifferent formats, and may further cause a display of multiple proposalswith multiple options for the second pick-up location, walking distance,walking directions from the second starting point to the second pick-uplocation, etc., the details of which are not repeated herein.

In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may set thesecond pick-up location at substantially the same location as the firstpick-up location, for example, half a block away, or 100 meters awayfrom the first pick-up location. This way, the vehicle may pick up bothusers at about the same time at substantially the same location, furtherimproving service efficiency. In some embodiments, ridesharingmanagement server 150 may set the second pick-up location at asubstantially the same location as the first drop-off location, whereinthe vehicle may drop off the first user, and pick up the second user atabout the same time, without extra travelling. Further, in someembodiments, the second drop-off location may be set at substantiallythe same location as the first drop off location, such that the vehiclemay drop off multiple users at the same time.

In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may set the firstpick-up location to substantially differ from the first starting point,and the second pick-up location to substantially differ from the secondstarting point, for example, to ensure both pick-up locations are alongthe same side of the same street where the vehicle may go through.Ridesharing management server 150 may then send respective directions tothe first user device and the second user device, to guide the users tothe respective pick-up locations.

In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may set the firstpick-up location at substantially the same as the first starting point,and set the second pick-up location to substantially differ from thesecond starting point. For example, the selection of the pick-uplocations may be made such that the first pick-up location and thesecond pick-up location are close to one another, both pick-up locationsare along the same street, or the second pick-up location is close tothe first drop-off location. Ridesharing management server 150 may thensend respective directions to the first user device and the second userdevice, to guide the users to the respective pick-up locations.

At step 426, ridesharing management server 150 may guide the vehicle toa second pick-up location for picking up the second user. As describedabove with reference to FIG. 4A, this step may also be performed by anavigation component of the driver's device (e.g., driver device 120D ordriving-control device 120F associated with autonomous vehicle 130F).

In some embodiments, ridesharing management server 150 may change thefirst drop-off location after receiving the second ride request, and thechange may be made without pre-approval of the first user. The firstdrop-off location refers to a location for dropping off the first user.As described above with reference to FIG. 4A, the first drop-offlocation may be the same as the first desired destination, or at alocation different from the first desired destination.

For example, the second pick-up location may be set at a location closeto the first desired destination, included in the first ride request.When assigning the second ride request to the vehicle, ridesharingmanagement server 150 may change the first drop-off location to alocation closer to or at the first desired destination, thus reducingthe walking distance for the first user to arrive at his desireddestination. For another example, the first drop-off location may bechanged to a location where the first user does not need to cross thestreet to arrive at his desired destination, without causing orincreasing detour for the vehicle to arrive at the second pick-uplocation.

In some embodiments, ridesharing management system 100 may subsequentlyreceive a plurality of subsequent ride requests. These additional riderequests may either be received by ridesharing management server 150 andassigned to the vehicles, or received by the vehicles in the form ofstreet hailing Steps described above with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4Bmay similarly be used to process the third ride request.

For example, ridesharing management server 150 may receive a third riderequest from a third user device, for example, user device 120Cassociated with user 130C, as shown in FIG. 1 . Ridesharing managementserver 150 may process the request and assign the request to the vehiclewhile at least one of a first user and a second user is still in thevehicle. The third ride request may further include a third startingpoint and a third desired destination. Ridesharing management server 150may calculate a third estimated pick-up time, and send a confirmation toa user's device (e.g., user device 120C). Ridesharing management server150 may transmit direction and route information to the driver's deviceassociated with the vehicle (e.g., driver device 120D as shown in FIG. 1), to guide the vehicle to pick up and drop off user 130C.

As described above with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B, processing ofsubsequent ride requests may take into account of the ride serviceparameters set by the users whose requests have previously been receivedand assigned. For example, if both the first user and the second userare still in the vehicle, and one of them has set a maximum delay ofarrival, ridesharing management server 150 may not assign the thirdrequest to the same vehicle if such assignment would cause a delaylonger than the set value. For example, if the first user has set amaximum delay of arrival of 10 minutes, ridesharing management server150 may calculate an estimated time period it takes for the vehicle topick up (and/or drop off) the third user before dropping off the firstuser. If the estimated time would cause a total delay of arrival for thefirst user to exceed 10 minutes, ridesharing management server 150 maytherefore assign the third ride request to another vehicle. For anotherexample, if the second user has set a maximum number of one co-rider andthe second user will be dropped off earlier than the first user,ridesharing management server 150 may not assign to the same vehicle, assuch assignment may cause violation of the parameter (maximum number ofone co-rider) set by the second user.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of three example timelines showing ridesharingarrangements, in accordance with some embodiments of the presentdisclosure. As shown in example timelines 510, 520, and 530, for aparticular assigned vehicle undertaking a first ride request from afirst user and a second ride request from a second user, the order ofpick-ups and drop-offs for the second user may vary. For example,ridesharing management server 150 may receive a plurality of riderequests, design an optimal path and pick-up/drop-off order for aparticular assigned vehicle undertaking multiple requests, and assignadditional pick-ups as the vehicle completes a part of or all of theride requests. For example, as shown in example timeline 510, a vehiclemay receive a second ride request after picking up the first user, anddrop off the first user before dropping off the second user. Acorresponding shared ride portion may be the portion of ride between thepick-up of the second user and drop-off of the first user. As shown inexample timeline 520, the vehicle may receive a second ride requestafter picking up the first user, and drop off the second user beforedropping off the first user. A corresponding shared ride portion may bethe portion of ride between the pick-up of the second user and drop-offthe second user. As another example, as shown in example timeline 530,the vehicle may receive the first ride request and the second riderequest before any pick-up. The vehicle may then pick up the second userbefore picking up the first user, and drop off the second user beforedropping off the first user. A corresponding shared ride portion may bethe portion of ride between pick-up of the first user and drop-off ofthe second user. Depending on the order of pick-ups and drop-offs, theridesharing management server may then determine a corresponding sharedride portion, and calculate ride fare for each user based on, forexample, the shared portion, solo portion of each user, and/or otherfactors such as the ride service parameters set by each user.

Real-Time Ridesharing Solutions for Unanticipated Changes During a Ride

Embodiments of the present disclosure may allow for a vehicle managementsystem to manage a fleet of vehicles for hire. For example, the vehiclemanagement system may receive a plurality of requests for a ride from aplurality of users and assign a first ridesharing vehicle to a group ofusers selected from the fleet of vehicles based on the informationrelating to ride requests. The vehicle management system may also detectan unanticipated ridesharing event and determine whether the firstridesharing vehicle is able to pick up a next user from the group of theusers by the estimated pick-up time. The vehicle management system mayfurther assign a second ridesharing vehicle to the next user if thefirst ridesharing vehicle may not be able to pick up the next user. Thevehicle management system may also update (or generate) a route for thefirst and second ridesharing vehicle and direct the vehicles accordingto the routes.

FIG. 6 depicts an embodiment of memory module 250 for managing a fleetof ridesharing vehicles consistent with the present disclosure. Memory250 may store a plurality of modules, and may be executable by at leastone processor to perform various methods and processes disclosed herein.Further, it should be noted that memory 250 may store more or fewermodules than those shown in FIG. 6 , depending onimplementation-specific considerations.

As illustrated in FIG. 6 , memory 250 may store software instructions toexecute a communication module 601, a ride request module 602, alocation module 603, an event detection module 604, an assignment module605, and a database interface module 606. Memory 250 may further store adatabase 607.

Communication module 601 may include software instruction forcommunicating with other components of ridesharing management system 100(e.g., one or more user devices 120A-120C, driver devices 120D and 120E,driving-control device 120F). Ride request module 602 may includesoftware instruction for receiving ride requests from a plurality ofusers. Location module 603 may include software instruction forreceiving locations of ridesharing vehicles from one or more sources.Event detection module 604 may include software instruction fordetecting an unanticipated event based on updated information associatedwith one or more users and/or one or more vehicles. Assignment module605 may include software instruction for electronically assigning a riderequest to a ridesharing vehicle. Database interface module 606 mayinclude software instruction executable to interact with database 607and to store and/or receive information (e.g., geographical mapsassociated with a geographical area in which one or more vehicles areoperating, current traffic information of a geographical area,historical data for efficient routes).

Communication module 601 may include software instructions forfacilitating communications between the device on which it isimplemented (e.g., ridesharing management server 150) and anothercomponent of ridesharing management system 100 (e.g., mobilecommunications devices 120A-120F, one or more vehicles, database 170).For example, ridesharing management server 150 may receive a pluralityof requests for a ride from a plurality of users (via, e.g., mobilecommunications devices associated with the users) via communicationmodule 601. As another example, ridesharing management server 150 mayelectronically assign a specific user to a specific vehicle viacommunication module 601.

Ride request module 602 may include software instructions for receivinga plurality of requests for a ride from a plurality of users. Each riderequest may include a starting point and a desired destination withinthe geographic area. In some embodiments, ride request module 602 maydetermine a pick-up location and a drop-off location. The determinedpick-up location may be a location other than but in proximity to thestarting point, and the determined drop-off location may be a locationother than but in proximity to the desired destination. Additionally oralternatively, ride request module 602 may determine the drop-offlocation for a user based on the status of a vehicle to be assigned tothis user, the desired destination of the ride request, and/or otherfactors. For example, in one embodiment, a ride request may includeinformation indicating that the desired destination is a building at thecorner of an intersection of two cross streets. Ride request module 602may determine that dropping the user off at the intersection wouldresult in the vehicle entering a one-way street, impeding a moreefficient route to a charging station. Thus, ride request module 602 mayinstead, for example, drop the user off at a location proximal to thedesired destination, and avoid entering the one-way street. Ride requestmodule 602 may also electronically assign ride requests to one or morevehicles.

Location module 603 may include software instructions for receivingcurrent vehicle location data for a ridesharing vehicle. In someembodiments, the current vehicle location data may include globalpositioning system (GPS) data generated by at least one GPS componentassociated with the ridesharing vehicle. Alternatively or additionally,the location data may include data of other types of global positioningtechnologies (e.g., Galileo or global navigation satellite system(GNSS)) generated by a corresponding positioning component. Additionallyor alternatively, location module 603 may receive other locationinformation, such as cell tower triangulation data, Wi-Fi or othersignal strength data, or any other combination of location information.In one example, location module 603 may receive the location data, forexample, from a mobile communication device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet,wearable device, etc.) associated (e.g., located in the passenger cabin)with the ridesharing vehicle.

Assignment module 605 may electronically assign a first ridesharingvehicle to a first group of users based on the ride requests. Assignmentmodule 605 may also determine a route for the first ridesharing vehicleto pick up and drop off the users and direct the first ridesharingvehicle according to the determined route.

Event detection module 604 may receive (or detect) an unanticipatedridesharing event after the first ridesharing vehicle picked up one ormore users of the first group of users. An unanticipated ridesharingevent refers to an event that was not anticipated or did not occur whenassignment module 605 electronically assigned the users to the firstridesharing vehicle. For example, after the first ridesharing vehicle701 picks up the first user and is on its way to the pick-up location ofthe second user, second user 712 transmits a request to communicationmodule 601 to modify the pick-up time because second user 712 willarrive at the pick-up location late. Event detection module 604 mayconsider (or detect) this event as an unanticipated ridesharing event.Assignment module 605 may determine the ability of the first ridesharingvehicle to pick up a next user from the first group of users at acorresponding estimated pick-up time due to the unanticipatedridesharing event. Assignment module 605 may also assign a secondridesharing vehicle to the next user if the first ridesharing vehiclemay not be able to pick up the next user (or cause a delay in estimatedtime of arrival (ETA) to other users to exceed a threshold). Assignmentmodule 605 may further update the route for the first and secondridesharing vehicles. Assignment module 605 may also direct the firstand second ridesharing vehicles according to the updated routes.

Database interface module 606 may include software instructions forinteracting with database 607, to store and/or receive information.Database 607 may be configured to store any type of informationassociated with modules 601-606, depending on implementation-specificconsiderations.

Modules 601-606 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, orany combination of software, hardware or firmware. For example, if themodules are implemented in software, they may be stored in memory 250.However, in some embodiments, any one or more of modules 601-606 anddata associated with database 607 may, for example, be stored inprocessor 204 and/or executed on a device associated with ridesharingmanagement system 100. Modules 601-606 may be configured to interactwith each other and/or other modules of memory 250 to perform functionsconsistent with disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process for directingridesharing vehicles. As illustrated in FIG. 7 , a first user 711transmits a first request for a rider to ridesharing management server150 via a first user device 120. The first request includes a firstdesired pick-up location and a first desired destination (not shown). Asecond user 712 transmits a second request for a ride to ridesharingmanagement server 150 via a second user device 120. The second requestincludes a second desired pick-up location and a second desireddestination (not shown). A third user 713 transmits a third request fora ride to ridesharing management server 150 via a third user device 120.The third request includes a third desired pick-up location and a seconddesired destination (not shown).

Ride request module 602 may determine a first pick-up location to pickup first user 711, a second pick-up location to pick up second user 712,and a third pick-up location to pick up third user 713 based on thefirst, second, and third ride requests. Assignment module 605 mayelectronically assign first user 711, second user 712, and third user713 to first ridesharing vehicle 701. Assignment module 605 may alsoprovide, to each of the users, the description of the determined pick-uplocation and an estimated pick-up time. Assignment module 605 mayfurther direct first ridesharing vehicle 701 to drive along route 721(i.e., dashed line 721 shown in FIG. 7 ) to pick up first user 711,second user 712, and third user 713.

Event detection module 604 may detect an unanticipated ridesharing eventafter first ridesharing vehicle 701 picks up some of the users andbefore picking up the last users. An unanticipated ridesharing eventrefers to an event that was not anticipated or did not occur beforeassignment module 605 electronically assigned the users to firstridesharing vehicle 701. For example, after first ridesharing vehicle701 picks up first user 711 and is on its way to the pick-up location ofsecond user 712, second user 712 transmits a request to communicationmodule 601 to modify the pick-up time because second user 712 willarrive at the pick-up location late. Event detection module 604 mayconsider (or detect) this event as an unanticipated ridesharing event.Event detection module 604 may also determine the inability of firstridesharing vehicle 701 to pick up a next user (i.e., third user 713) ata corresponding estimated pick-up time due to the unanticipatedridesharing event. Assignment module 605 may further reassign seconduser 712 to another ridesharing vehicle (e.g., second ridesharingvehicle 702). Assignment module 605 may determine a new route for firstridesharing vehicle 701 that does not include the determined pick-uplocation of second user 712 and a new route for second ridesharingvehicle 702 that includes the determined pick-up location of second user712. For example, assignment module 605 may determine a new route 722for first ridesharing vehicle 701 (solid line 722 shown in FIG. 7 ) anddirect first ridesharing vehicle 701 to change its original route(dashed route 721) at point 741 to pick up third user 713, skippingsecond user 712. Assignment module 605 may also determine a new routefor second ridesharing vehicle 702 (solid line 732 shown in FIG. 7 ) anddirect second ridesharing vehicle 702 to change its original route(dashed route 731) at point 742 to pick up second user 712.

Alternatively, instead of reassigning second user 712, assignment module605 may reassign third user 713 to second ridesharing vehicle 702.Assignment module 605 may also determine a new route for firstridesharing vehicle 701 skipping the pick-up location of third user 713.Accordingly, first ridesharing vehicle 701 may pick up second user 712at the corresponding pick-up location as scheduled. Assignment module605 may further determine a new route for second ridesharing vehicle 702to pick up third user 713.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process 800 for directing aplurality of ridesharing vehicles according to updated information inaccordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In oneembodiment, the steps of process 800 may be performed by a vehiclemanagement server, such as ridesharing management server 150 describedabove with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, at least some ofthe steps of process 800 may be performed by a mobile communicationsdevice, such as the mobile communications devices 120 described abovewith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . In the following description,reference is made to certain components of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes ofillustration. It will be appreciated, however, that otherimplementations are possible and that other components may implement theexample methods disclosed herein.

At step 801, ride request module 602 may receive, via a communicationsinterface, ride requests from a first plurality of communication devicesassociated with a plurality of users. The communications interface maybe communications interface 360, communication module 601, or the like,or a combination thereof. For example, the user may include a firstuser, a second user, and third user (e.g., first user 711, second user712, and third user 713 shown in FIG. 7 ). The first user may generate afirst request for a ride via a first user device 120 associated with thefirst user (e.g., an application installed in first user device 120).The second user may generate a second request for a ride via a seconduser device 120 associated with the second user (e.g., an applicationinstalled in second user device 120). The third user may generate athird request for a ride via a second user device 120 associated withthe second user (e.g., an application installed in second user device120). First user device 120 (and second user device 120) may transmitthe first request (and the second request) to ridesharing managementserver 150, which may receive the first request (and second request) viacommunication module 601.

A request (e.g., the first request, the second request, the thirdrequest) may include information related to a starting point and adesired destination of a user (e.g., the first starting point and thefirst desired destination of the first user, the second starting pointand the second desired destination of the second user, the thirdstarting point and the third desired destination of the third user).

At step 803, location module 603 may receive location information from asecond plurality of communication devices associated with a plurality ofridesharing vehicles. For example, location module 603 may includesoftware instructions for receiving current vehicle location data for aridesharing vehicle via a communication device associated with thevehicle (e.g., a user device 120). In some embodiments, the currentvehicle location data may include global positioning system (GPS) datagenerated by at least one GPS component associated with theelectrically-powered ridesharing vehicle. Alternatively or additionally,the location data may include data of other types of global positioningtechnologies (e.g., Galileo or global navigation satellite system(GNSS)) generated by a corresponding positioning component. Additionallyor alternatively, location module 603 may receive other locationinformation, such as cell tower triangulation data, Wi-Fi or othersignal strength data, or any other combination of location information.In one example, location module 603 may receive the location data, forexample, from a mobile communication device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet,wearable device, etc.) associated (e.g., located in the passenger cabin)with the electrically-powered ridesharing vehicle.

At step 805, assignment module 605 may electronically assign a firstridesharing vehicle to pick up a first group of users from the pluralityof users. For example, assignment module 605 may electronically assignfirst ridesharing vehicle 701 to pick up the first group of usersincluding first user 711, second user 712, and third user 713. Theassignment of first ridesharing vehicle 701 may be determined based onthe location of first ridesharing vehicle 701 and the ride requestsreceived from the users (e.g., the starting points and desireddestinations included in the ride requests).

At step 807, assignment module 605 may determine, for each of the firstgroup of users, a pick-up location and a drop-off location. In someembodiments, assignment module 605 may determine, for each of the firstgroup of users, a pick-up location other than the starting pointspecified in the ride request received from the corresponding user and adrop-off location other than the desired destination specified in theride request received from the corresponding user. For example,assignment module 605 may determine the pick-up location (or thedrop-off location) for first user 711 that is one block away from thestarting point (or the desired destination) specified in the first riderequest because the starting point is not suitable for picking apassenger (e.g., close to a crossroad).

In some embodiments, the pick-up location of a user may be determinedaccording to a current location of the user. For example, user device120 associated with the user may determine its current locationaccording to GPS signals received by a GPS component of user device 120.Assignment module 605 may determine a pick-up location based on thecurrent location (which can be the current location or a location closeto the current location). Alternatively, assignment module 605 maydetermine a location that is close to the current location and issuitable for the user to wait for a vehicle (e.g., within walkingdistance, avoiding busy streets, avoiding non-stopping regions) as thepick-up location. Alternatively, assignment module 605 may recommendmultiple candidate pick-up locations for the user to choose from. Forexample, user device 120 may display a user interface showing a map inwhich a plurality of candidate pick-up locations are shown along thecurrent location of the user. The user may select one of the candidatepick-up locations as the pick-up location via the user interface. Userdevice 120 may include the information relating to the pick-up locationinto the request to be transmitted to ridesharing management server 150.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may also determine, for eachof the first group of users, an estimated pick-up time at the determinedpick-up location. For example, assignment module 605 may determine anestimated pick-up time for first user 711 at a pick-up location based onthe pick-up location, current location of first ridesharing vehicle 701,and/or traffic conditions. In some embodiments, assignment module 605may take other factors into account. For example, assignment module 605may take waiting time periods for other users into account whendetermining an estimated pick-up time for a user. By way of example,first ridesharing vehicle 701 may be assigned to the first group ofusers including first user 711, second user 712, and third user 713.Assignment module 605 may also determine that first ridesharing vehicle701 will first pick up first user 711 at the first pick-up location,then pick up second user 712 at the second pick-up location, and finallypick up third user 713 at the third pick-up location. Assignment module605 may determine an estimated pick-up time for the first user based onthe location of first ridesharing vehicle 701, the first pick-uplocation, and traffic conditions. Assignment module 605 may alsodetermine an estimated pick-up time for second user 712 based on thefirst pick-up location, the second pick-up location, traffic conditions,an estimated waiting period, or a combination thereof. Assignment module605 may further determine an estimated pick-up time for third user 713based on the second pick-up location, the third pick-up location,traffic conditions, estimated waiting periods for the first and secondusers, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, the estimated waiting period may be in a range of 1second to 1 hour. In some embodiments, an estimated waiting period maybe restricted in subranges of 1-10 seconds, 10-60 seconds, 1-5 minutes,5-10 minutes, or 10-60 minutes. In some embodiments, the estimatedwaiting period may be determined according to the traffic conditionsand/or road conditions near a pick-up location.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may transmit the descriptionof the determined pick-up location and estimated pick-up time to each ofthe first group of users via communication module 601. For example,assignment module 605 may transmit instructions to user device 120associated with first user 711 to display the pick-up location andestimated pick-up time in a user interface of the user device. In someembodiments, assignment module 605 may also transmit the informationrelating to the assigned vehicle to the first group of users. Theinformation may include information relating to the driver, vehicle(e.g., color, maker, model, license plate, etc.), driving route, currentlocation of the vehicle (in real time or updated periodically), otherpassengers assigned to the same vehicle, or the like, or a combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may also transmit the pick-uplocations and pick-up times to a user device associated with the vehicleassigned to the first group of users via communication module 601.Assignment module 605 may further transmit other types of information.For example, assignment module 605 may determine and transmit thedirections of the route to pick up the first group of users. Assignmentmodule 605 may also transmit information relating to the users (e.g.,age, gender, etc.).

At step 809, event detection module 604 may receive (or detect) anunanticipated ridesharing event after the first ridesharing vehiclepicked up one or more users of the first group of users. Anunanticipated ridesharing event refers to an event that was notanticipated or did not occur when assignment module 605 electronicallyassigned the users to the first ridesharing vehicle. For example, asillustrated in FIG. 7 , after first ridesharing vehicle 701 picks upfirst user 711 and is on its way to the pick-up location of second user712, second user 712 transmits a request to communication module 601 tomodify the pick-up time because second user 712 will arrive at thepick-up location late. The late arrival of second user 712 at thepick-up location for second user 712 may affect the schedules of otherusers (e.g., first user 711 and third user 713). Event detection module604 may consider (or detect) this event as an unanticipated ridesharingevent.

In some embodiments, event detection module 604 may receive anindication of an unanticipated event from a communication device (e.g.,a user device 120) associated with the first ridesharing vehicle.Alternatively or additionally, event detection module 604 may receive anindication of an unanticipated event from a communication device (e.g.,a user device 120) associated with one or more users of the first groupof users (e.g., a user who is riding the first ridesharing vehicle orhas not been picked up). For example, event detection module 604 mayreceive an indication from user device 120 associated with the firstridesharing vehicle indicating that first user 711 came on board with anunannounced additional passenger who had not been included in the riderequest. As another example, event detection module 604 may receive anindication indicating that first user 711 brought an object that mayaffect passenger occupancy of the vehicle (e.g., oversized luggage or acello case, which may have to be placed on a passenger seat).Ridesharing management server 150 may also be configured to charge theuser for the unannounced additional passenger or oversized object. Asstill another example, event detection module 604 may receive anindication from user device 120 associated with first user 711 (who hasalready been picked up by the first ridesharing vehicle 701) indicatingthat first user 711 wants to change the desired destination (or cancelthe trip). Assignment module 605 may determine a new drop-off locationbased on this new desired destination (e.g., the new drop-off locationmay be farther away from the new desired destination than the originaldrop-off location was from the original desired destination). Assignmentmodule 605 may also transmit the new drop-off location to first user 711and/or first ridesharing vehicle 701. Assignment module 605 may furtherdetermine an updated route for first ridesharing vehicle 701 that passesthe new drop-off location, and direct first ridesharing vehicle 701along the updated route. In some embodiments, the updated route may skipthe determined pick-up location(s) of one or more next users (e.g.,second user 712 and/or third user 713). In some embodiments, ridesharingmanagement server 150 may also update the fees charged to first user 711based on the new drop-off location and transmit the information of theupdated fees to first user 711.

In some embodiments, event detection module 604 may determine anindication of an unanticipated event based on location informationreceived from a communication device (e.g., user device 120) associatedwith the first ridesharing vehicle. For example, location module 603 mayreceive information relating to the location of the first ridesharingvehicle (in real time or periodically) and determine that the firstridesharing vehicle deviates from the route (e.g., having missed ahighway exit, a turn, a pick-up location, or the like, or a combinationthereof). Event detection module 604 may determine such deviation is anindication of an unanticipated event.

In some embodiments, event detection module 604 may determine anindication of an unanticipated event based on a navigational mistake ofthe first ridesharing vehicle. For example, the first ridesharingvehicle may have missed an exit of a highway. Event detection module 604may determine that this navigational mistake was caused by the driver ofthe first ridesharing vehicle. Ridesharing management server 150 mayalso update a record associated with the driver according to thenavigational mistake. For instance, ridesharing management server 150may adjust the ranking of the driver based on the updated record (e.g.,downgrade the status of the driver if the number of the mistakes made bythe driver exceeds a threshold). Ridesharing management server 150 mayalso determine future assignments based on the updated record (e.g.,decreasing the probability of assigning a ride request to the driver).Alternatively or additionally, ridesharing management server 150 mayadjust the way driving instructions are provided to the driver based onthe updated record. For example, assignment module 605 may giveinstructions to the driver (via, e.g., user device 120) more frequentlybefore an exit of the highway if the driver has made the same type ofnavigation mistakes multiple times over a period of time.

In some embodiments, event detection module 604 may determine anindication of an unanticipated event based on real-time trafficconditions. For example, event detection module 604 may receivereal-time traffic data and determine an indication of an unanticipatedevent based on the received real-time traffic data indicative ofatypical congestion along a driving route of the first ridesharingvehicle. By way of example, event detection module 604 may receivereal-time traffic data indicating that an accident has occurred along(or close to) a driving route of the first ridesharing vehicle. Eventdetection module 604 may determine that the atypical congestion is anindication of an unanticipated event. In some embodiments, assignmentmodule 605 may update a drop-off location of a user riding anotherridesharing vehicle (e.g., second ridesharing vehicle 702) to avoid thecongested road (e.g., a street blockage due to a car accident or event).Alternatively or additionally, assignment module 605 may update theroute of that ridesharing vehicle to avoid the congested road.

In some embodiments, event detection module 604 may determine (orreceive) an indication of an unanticipated event based on the conditionof a ridesharing vehicle. For instance, the first ridesharing vehicle701 may malfunction (e.g., due to mechanical problems or an accident),which prevent the vehicle from continuing driving. Assignment module 605may electronically assign two ridesharing vehicles to transport theusers who are originally assigned to the first ridesharing vehicle—onevehicle to pick up the users who are with the malfunction firstridesharing vehicle (e.g., at the breakdown location of the vehicle) andanother vehicle to pick up the user who is scheduled to be picked up bythe first ridesharing vehicle. The vehicles may transport the usersunder directions of assignment module 605 to corresponding drop-offlocations as originally planned. In some embodiments, assignment module605 may update the drop-off location of one or more users based on thenew assignments.

At step 811, assignment module 605 may determine an ability of the firstridesharing vehicle to pick up a next user from the first group of usersat a corresponding estimated pick-up time due to the unanticipatedridesharing event. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , assignmentmodule 605 may determine that first ridesharing vehicle 701 will not beable to reach second user 712 at the corresponding estimated pick-uptime for second user 712 due to an unanticipated traffic jam caused by acar accident along the route to the pick-up location of second user 712(i.e., an unanticipated ridesharing event). Assignment module 605 mayalso determine that by skipping second user 712, first ridesharingvehicle 701 can pick up third user 713 at the corresponding estimatedpick-up time for third user 713. As another example, assignment module605 may determine that the first ridesharing vehicle may not be able topick up the remaining users of the first group of users to be picked updue to an unanticipated ridesharing event (e.g., the first ridesharingvehicle will be late for all remaining users due to a roadblock causedby a car accident).

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may determine the inabilityof the first ridesharing vehicle to pick up the next user at theestimated pick-up time by calculating a delay in the estimated time ofarrival (ETA) to the next user caused by the unanticipated ridesharingevent and compare the calculated delay with a predefined threshold priorto reassign the next user to another ridesharing vehicle. For example,assignment module 605 may determine that the first ridesharing vehiclemay be late for two minutes (i.e., a two-minute delay in the ETA)arriving at the pick-up location of second user 712 due to anunanticipated event. Assignment module 605 may compare the delay with athreshold (e.g., five minutes). Assignment module 605 may determine thatthe delay, which is shorter than the threshold, is acceptable, anddetermine that the first ridesharing vehicle will be able to reach thesecond user on time. As another example, assignment module 605 maydetermine that the first ridesharing vehicle will be late for 10minutes, which is longer than the threshold. Assignment module 605 maydetermine that the first ridesharing vehicle will not reach the seconduser on time.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may calculate a delay in ETAto each user of the first group users scheduled to be picked up (and/orhas already been on board) if the next user is not reassigned.Assignment module 605 may also determine an updated delay (if any) inETA to each of users if the next user is reassigned. Assignment module605 may further compare the updated delay with a predefined thresholdand determine that the updated delay would be within the threshold ifthe next user is reassigned to the second ridesharing vehicle.Alternatively or additionally, assignment module 605 may calculate adelay in ETA for each user of the second group users scheduled to bepicked up (and/or has already been on board) if the next user isreassigned to the second ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module 605 mayalso compare the delay with a predefined threshold and determine thatthe delay would be within the threshold if the next user is reassignedto the second ridesharing vehicle.

At step 813, assignment module 605 may electronically assign a secondridesharing vehicle to the next user based on the determination that thefirst ridesharing vehicle may not be able to pick up the next user. Insome embodiments, the second ridesharing vehicle may have been assignedto one or more users before the new assignment. For example, the secondridesharing vehicle may have been already assigned to a second group ofusers (e.g., currently transporting and/or being the way to pick up theuser(s)) before being assigned to the next user of the first group ofusers. By way of example, as illustrated in FIG. 7 , assignment module605 may determine that first ridesharing vehicle 701 may not be able topick up second user 712 due to an unanticipated event as describedelsewhere in this disclosure. Assignment module 605 may electronicallyassign second ridesharing vehicle 702 to second user 712, which mayalready have one or more users on board and/or be on the way to pick upthe user(s). The assignment may be determined based on the location ofthe ridesharing vehicle to be assigned, location of the next user,pick-up location of the next user, pick-up location(s) and/or drop-offlocation(s) of the second group of users, traffic conditions, or thelike, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may electronically assign asecond ridesharing vehicle to two or more next users based on thedetermination that the first ridesharing vehicle may not be able to pickup the next users. Alternatively, assignment module 605 mayelectronically assign two or more ridesharing vehicles to the nextusers. For instance, assignment module 605 may determine that the firstridesharing vehicle may not be able to pick up two next users (e.g.,second user 712 and third user 713). Assignment module 605 mayelectronically assign a ridesharing vehicle to each of the two users.The assignment may be determined by the locations of the ridesharingvehicles, locations of the users, pick-up locations of the users,traffic conditions, or the like, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, assignment module 605 may transmit an updateregarding the reassignment to the next user. For example, assignmentmodule 605 may transmit a notification to a user device associated withthe next user, indicating that the user has been reassigned to thesecond ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module 605 may also transmit tothe next user the information relating to the second ridesharingvehicle. The information may include that the status of the secondridesharing vehicle (e.g., the vehicle is in enroute), informationrelating to the driver, vehicle (e.g., color, maker, model, licenseplate, etc.), driving route, current location of the vehicle (in realtime or updated periodically), other passengers being assigned to thesecond ridesharing vehicle, or the like, or a combination thereof.Assignment module 605 may also transmit to the second ridesharingvehicle the information relating to the next user (e.g., the pick-uplocation, drop-off location).

At step 815, assignment module 605 may determine a new route for thefirst ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module 605 may also determine anew route for the second ridesharing vehicle. The determination of a newroute for a ridesharing vehicle may be based on the location of thevehicle, pick-up location(s) of the users to be picked up, drop-offlocation(s) of the users on board, traffic conditions, or the like, or acombination thereof. For example, assignment module 605 may determine anew route for the first ridesharing vehicle 701 (e.g., route 722) basedon the location of first ridesharing vehicle 701 and pick-up location ofthird user 713. Assignment module 605 may also determine a new route forsecond ridesharing vehicle 702 (e.g., route 732) based on the locationof second ridesharing vehicle 702 and pick-up location of second user712.

In some embodiments, the new route for the first ridesharing vehicle(and/or the second ridesharing vehicle) may include at least one changein a drop-off location for one user from the first group of users(and/or the second group of users). For example, assignment module 605may determine an updated drop-off location of first user 711 accordingto new route 722 (e.g., a drop-off location along with new route 722instead of previous route 721). Assignment module 605 may also directfirst ridesharing vehicle 701 to drop first user 711 off at the updateddrop-off location. In some embodiments, assignment module 605 mayautomatically update the drop-off location for one or more users of thefirst group of users and/or the second group users based on the newroute(s).

At step 817, assignment module 605 may direct the first and secondridesharing vehicles according to their new routes. For example,assignment module 605 may direct first ridesharing vehicle 701 to make aturn at point 741 along route 722. Assignment module 605 may also directsecond ridesharing vehicle 702 to go straight along route 732 instead ofmaking a turn at point 742 along old route 731.

Accounting for Driver Reaction Time when Providing Driving Instructions

Embodiments of the present disclosure may allow for a vehicle managementsystem to provide navigational directions to a vehicle. The vehiclemanagement system may receive location data indicative of a currentlocation of the vehicle from a wireless communication device associatedwith the vehicle. The vehicle management system may determine a firstdriving route for the vehicle and direct the vehicle to a desireddestination using the first driving route. The vehicle management systemmay also receive data indicating that a new route for the vehicle isrequested at a first time. The vehicle management system may furtherpredict a location of the vehicle where the driver of the vehicle cansafely implement instructions associated with changing the first drivingroute at a second time that will occur after the first time. The vehiclemanagement system may also determine a second driving route based on thepredicted location of the vehicle at the second time. The vehiclemanagement system may further send instructions associated with thesecond driving route to the wireless communication device prior to thesecond time.

In some embodiments, the vehicle management system may be implemented ina device associated with a vehicle (e.g., user device 120 associatedwith the vehicle, or a processing unit of a semi-autonomous or fullyautonomous vehicle). The vehicle management system may receive GPS dataindicative of a current location of the vehicle. The GPS data may havebeen generated by a GPS component associated with a wirelesscommunication device. The vehicle management system may also direct thevehicle to a desired destination using a first driving route. Thevehicle management system may further receive data indicating that a newroute for the vehicle is requested at a first time, and predict alocation of the vehicle where the vehicle can safely implementinstructions associated with changing the first driving route (e.g., bythe driver or a processing unit of autonomous vehicle) at a second timethat will occur after the first time. The vehicle management system mayalso direct the vehicle to the desired destination using a seconddriving route associated with the predicted location of the vehicleprior to the second time.

FIG. 9 depicts an embodiment of memory module 250 for providinginstructions to a vehicle consistent with the present disclosure. Memory250 may store a plurality of modules, and may be executable by at leastone processor to perform various methods and processes disclosed herein.Further, it should be noted that memory 250 may store more or fewermodules than those shown in FIG. 9 , depending onimplementation-specific considerations.

As illustrated in FIG. 9 , memory 250 may store software instructions toexecute a communication module 901, a ride request module 902, alocation module 903, a route modification module 904, an assignmentmodule 905, and a database interface module 906. Memory 250 may furtherstore a database 907.

Communication module 901 may include software instruction forcommunicating with other components of ridesharing management system 100(e.g., one or more user devices 120A-120C, driver devices 120D and 120E,driving-control device 120F). Ride request module 902 may includesoftware instruction for receiving ride requests from one or more users.Location module 903 may include software instruction for receiving thelocation of a vehicle from one or more sources. Route modificationmodule 904 may include software instruction for modifying a route for avehicle. Assignment module 905 may include software instruction forelectronically assigning a ride request to a vehicle. Database interfacemodule 906 may include software instruction executable to interact withdatabase 907 to store and/or receive information (e.g., geographicalmaps associated with a geographical area in which one or more vehiclesare operating, current traffic information of a geographical area,historical data for efficient routes).

Communication module 901 may include software instructions forfacilitating communications between the device on which it isimplemented (e.g., ridesharing management server 150) and anothercomponent of ridesharing management system 100 (e.g., mobilecommunications devices 120A-120F, one or more vehicles, database 170).For example, ridesharing management server 150 may receive location dataindicative of a current location of the vehicle from a device (e.g., awireless communication device) associated with the vehicle viacommunication module 901. The vehicle management system may also receivedata indicating that a new route for the vehicle is requested at a firsttime via communication module 901. As another example, ridesharingmanagement server 150 may electronically assign a specific user to aspecific vehicle via communication module 901.

Ride request module 902 may include software instructions for receivinga plurality of requests for a ride from a plurality of users. Each riderequest may include a starting point and a desired destination withinthe geographic area. In some embodiments, ride request module 902 maydetermine a pick-up location and a drop-off location. The determinedpick-up location may be a location other than but in proximity to thestarting point, and the determined drop-off location may be a locationother than but in proximity to the desired destination. Additionally oralternatively, ride request module 902 may determine the drop-offlocation for a user based on the status of a vehicle to be assigned tothis user, the desired destination of the ride request, and/or otherfactors. For example, in one embodiment, a ride request may includeinformation that the desired destination is a building at the corner ofan intersection of two cross streets. Ride request module 902 maydetermine that dropping the user off at the intersection would result inthe vehicle entering a one-way street, impeding a more efficient routeto a charging station. Thus, ride request module 902 may instead, forexample, determine a drop-off location at a location proximal to thedesired destination, and avoid entering the one-way street.

Location module 903 may include software instructions for receivingcurrent vehicle location data for a vehicle in real time orperiodically. In some embodiments, the current vehicle location data mayinclude global positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least oneGPS component associated with the vehicle. Alternatively oradditionally, the location data may include data of other types ofglobal positioning technologies (e.g., Galileo or global navigationsatellite system (GNSS)) generated by a corresponding positioningcomponent. Additionally or alternatively, location module 903 mayreceive other location information, such as cell tower triangulationdata, Wi-Fi or other signal strength data, or any other combination oflocation information. In one example, location module 903 may receivethe location data from, for example, a mobile communication device(e.g., a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.) associated (e.g.,located in the passenger cabin) with the vehicle.

Assignment module 905 may electronically assign a ridesharing vehicle toone or more users. Assignment module 905 may also determine a route forthe vehicle to pick up and drop off the user(s) and direct the vehicleaccording to the determined route. In some embodiments, assignmentmodule 905 may determine a first driving route for a vehicle and directthe vehicle to a desired destination using the first driving route.

Route modification module 904 may predict a location of the vehiclewhere the driver of the vehicle can safely implement instructionsassociated with changing the first driving route at a second time thatwill occur after the first time. The vehicle management system may alsodetermine a second driving route based on the predicted location of thevehicle at the second time. The route modification module 904 mayfurther send instructions associated with the second driving route tothe device (e.g., a wireless communication device) associated with thevehicle prior to the second time.

Database interface module 906 may include software instructions forinteracting with database 907, to store and/or receive information.Database 907 may be configured to store any type of informationassociated with modules 901-906, depending on implementation-specificconsiderations.

Modules 901-906 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, orany combination of software, hardware or firmware. For example, if themodules are implemented in software, they may be stored in memory 250.However, in some embodiments, any one or more of modules 901-906 anddata associated with database 907 may, for example, be stored inprocessor 204 and/or executed on a device associated with ridesharingmanagement system 100 and/or a device associated with a vehicle. Modules901-906 may be configured to interact with each other and/or othermodules of memory 250 to perform functions consistent with disclosedembodiments.

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process forproviding navigational directions to (or directing) a vehicle. Asillustrated in FIG. 10 , vehicle 1001 is driving on first road 1011according to a first driving route. The first driving route may bedetermined by ridesharing management server 150 (e.g., via assignmentmodule 905). Alternatively, the first driving route may be determined bya user device associated with the vehicle. Alternatively, the vehiclemay be a semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle, and the first drivingroute may be determined by a processing unit of the vehicle.

At a first time (e.g., t₁ illustrated in FIG. 10 ), route modificationmodule 904 may receive data indicating that a new route for the vehicleis requested. Instead of instructing vehicle 1001 to make a turn atpoint 1021 (e.g., the closest point to change its course) to second road1012, route modification module 904 may predict a location of thevehicle where the driver of the vehicle can safely implementinstructions associated with changing the first driving route at asecond time that will occur after the first time (e.g., t₂ illustratedin FIG. 10 ). For example, route modification module 904 may determinethat the vehicle (or the driver of the vehicle) can safely implementinstructions associated with changing the first driving route after thesecond time, according to the time period for determining a new route(e.g., time period 1031), the time period for transmitting routeinformation (e.g., time period 1032), and/or the time period for thedriver's reaction time (e.g., time period 1033). Route modificationmodule 904 may also predict the location of the vehicle at the secondtime. Route modification module 904 may further determine a seconddriving route based on the predicted location of the vehicle at thesecond time. For example, route modification module 904 may determine anew route for the vehicle, including making a turn at point 1022 tothird road 1013. Communication module 901 may send instructionsassociated with the second driving route to the device associated withthe vehicle prior to the second time. As such, vehicle 1001 (or thedriver) may be able to safely make a turn at point 1022 according to thenew route.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process 1100 for directing(or providing navigational directions to) a vehicle in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, thevehicle may be a ridesharing vehicle for hire.

In one embodiment, the steps of process 1100 may be performed by avehicle management server, such as ridesharing management server 150described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, atleast some of the steps of process 1100 may be performed by a mobilecommunications device associated with a vehicle, such as mobilecommunications devices 120 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and2 . For example, at least some of the steps of process 1100 may beperformed by a mobile communications device associated with the vehicleas a navigation application installed in the mobile communicationsdevice configured to provide navigational directions to a userassociated with the vehicle. Alternatively, the vehicle may be asemi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle, and at least some of the steps ofprocess 1100 may be performed by a processing device associated with thevehicle. In the following description, reference is made to certaincomponents of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes of illustration. It will beappreciated, however, that other implementations are possible and thatother component may be utilized to implement example methods disclosedherein.

At step 1101, location module 903 may receive location data indicativeof a current location of a vehicle. For example, location module 903 mayinclude software instructions for receiving current vehicle locationdata for a vehicle from a communication device associated with thevehicle (e.g., a user device 120).

In some embodiments, the current vehicle location data may include GPSdata generated by at least one GPS component associated with thevehicle. Alternatively or additionally, the location data may includedata of other types of global positioning technologies (e.g., Galileo orglobal navigation satellite system (GNSS)) generated by a correspondingpositioning component. Additionally or alternatively, location module903 may receive other location information, such as cell towertriangulation data, Wi-Fi or other signal strength data, or any othercombination of location information. In one example, location module 903may receive the location data, for example, from a mobile communicationdevice (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.) associated(e.g., located in the passenger cabin) with the vehicle. In someembodiments, location module 903 may receive location data associatedwith the vehicle in real time or periodically.

At step 1103, assignment module 905 may determine a first driving routefor the vehicle. Assignment module 905 may also direct the vehicleaccording to the first driving route. For example, assignment module 905may electronically assign a ride request by a user to the vehicle anddetermine a first driving route based on the ride request. The firstdriving route may include a pick-up location and a drop-off location ofthe user. Assignment module 905 may also transmit instructionsassociated with the first driving route to the device associated withthe vehicle via, for instance, communication module 901.

In some embodiments, a device associated with the vehicle may determinethe first driving route based on input from a user associated with thevehicle. For example, the device associated with the vehicle may receivean input from the driver (or a passenger) indicating a desireddestination through a user interface of the device. The device maydetermine the first driving route based on the current location of thevehicle and the desired destination. The device may also displaynavigation directions (e.g., turn-by-turn directions) in the userinterface according to the first driving route. Alternatively, thedevice may direct the vehicle to move according to the first drivingroute.

At step 1105, communication module 901 may receive data indicating thata new route for the vehicle is requested. For example, communicationmodule 901 may receive data indicating that a user currently assigned tothe vehicle requests to change the destination from a device associatedwith the user. As another example, the vehicle may be avehicle-for-hire. Communication module 901 may receive data indicating anew assignment to pick-up a passenger to the vehicle (e.g., a new riderequest is assigned to the vehicle), and a new route for the vehicle isdesired. As still another example, the vehicle may be a ridesharingvehicle, and the data indicating that a new route for the vehicle isrequested may include a change of a drop-off location of a firstpassenger currently riding in the vehicle that resulted from a newassignment of the ridesharing vehicle to pick-up a second passenger.

In some embodiments, the data received indicating that a new route forthe vehicle is requested may include an indication of an unanticipatedridesharing event described elsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., FIGS.6-8 and the descriptions thereof). For example, three users may beassigned to vehicle 1001. After vehicle 1001 picks up the first user andis on its way to the pick-up location of the second user, at a firsttime (e.g., t₁ illustrated in FIG. 10 ), communication module 901receives from the second user a request to modify the pick-up timebecause the second user will not arrive at the pick-up location by thescheduled pick-up time. An event detection module (e.g., event detectionmodule 604) may determine the event as an unanticipated event.Assignment module 905 may determine a new route for vehicle 1001 to skipthe second user and pick up the third user directly.

At step 1107, route modification module 904 may determine a location ofthe vehicle where the vehicle (or a driver thereof) can safely implementinstructions associated with changing the first driving route at asecond time that will occur after the first time. For example, routemodification module 904 may predict a location of the vehicle where thevehicle (or a driver thereof) can safely implement instructionsassociated with changing the first driving route at a second time thatwill occur after the first time. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10, route modification module 904 may predict point 1022 as a location ofvehicle 1001 where vehicle 1001 (or a driver thereof) can safelyimplement instructions associated with changing the first driving routeafter the first time.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may predict thelocation based on a time period between the first time and the secondtime. For example, route modification module 904 may determine the timeperiod between the first time and second time to be 10 seconds, andpredict the location of the vehicle based on the 10-second period. Byway of example, route modification module 904 may predict the locationof the vehicle based on the distance of the vehicle is likely to travelwithin 10 seconds. Route modification module 904 may also consider otherfactors (e.g., the current speed of the vehicle, traffic conditions, orthe like) in predicting the location of the vehicle. The time period maybe in the range of 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes. In some embodiments, thetime period may be restricted in a sub-range of 0.1 to 0.5 seconds, 0.5seconds to 1 second, 1 second to 5 seconds, 5 to 10 seconds, 10 secondsto 1 minute, 1 minute to 5 minutes, or 5 to 10 minutes.

In some embodiments, the time period may be determined based on anestimated route determination time, an estimated instructionstransmission time, an estimated driver reaction time, or the like, or acombination thereof. Route determination time refers to the time fordetermining a new route, instructions transmission time refers to thetime for transmitting instructions to a device associated with a vehicle(e.g., from communication module 901 to a wireless communication deviceassociated with a vehicle), and driver reaction time refers to the timethat a driver (e.g., a human driver or a device directing an autonomousvehicle) needs to change a direction after receiving instructions. Forexample, route modification module 904 may determine the estimated routedetermination time to be 1 second, estimated instructions transmissiontime to be 1 second, and the estimated driver reaction time to be 2seconds. Route modification module 904 may then determine the timeperiod between the first time and second time to be 4 seconds (i.e., thesum of the estimated route determination time, estimated instructionstransmission time, and an estimated driver reaction time). In someembodiments, route modification module 904 may determine the timeduration between the first time and the second time based on anestimated route determination time and an estimated driver reactiontime, and predict the location of the vehicle at the second time basedon the determined time duration.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine theestimated route determination time based on historical data relating toroute determination time. For example, route modification module 904 (oranother component of ridesharing management server 150) may receivestatistics of previous route determination times, and use the statisticsto determine the estimated route determination time.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine theestimated instructions transmission time based on historical datarelating to instructions transmission time. For example, routemodification module 904 (or another component of ridesharing managementserver 150) may receive data indicative of downlink data latency betweenthe system and the wireless communication device, and to use the data todetermine the estimated instructions transmission time.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine theestimated driver reaction time based on historical data relating todriver reaction time. For example, route modification module 904 (oranother component of ridesharing management server 150) may receive dataindicative of past driving performance of the driver, and to use thedata to determine the estimated driver reaction time. Alternatively oradditionally, route modification module 904 (or other component ofridesharing management server 150) may receive data relating to pastdriving performance of a plurality of drivers and determine theestimated driver reaction time based on the past driving performance ofthe drivers (e.g., using the average or maximum driver reaction time ofthe drivers). By way of example, route modification module 904 mayreceive a personal record of the driver, which may indicate that it tookat most 2 seconds for this driver to change the direction after thedriver received the instructions to change the direction in the past.Route modification module 904 may determine the estimated driverreaction time to be 2 seconds. In some embodiments, route modificationmodule 904 may also determine the driver reaction time of this instanceand update the personal record accordingly.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may predict thelocation at the second time based on a current state of the vehicle. Forexample, route modification module 904 may receive from the deviceassociated with the vehicle relating to the operation of the vehicle(e.g., moving, remaining unmoved, etc.) via communication module 901,and determine a current state of the vehicle based on the data received.Route modification module 904 may also predict the location at thesecond time based on the determined current state of the vehicle. Insome embodiments, a current state of the vehicle may include a currentlocation of the vehicle, a current velocity of the vehicle, or the like,or a combination thereof. For example, route modification module 904 mayreceive GPS data generated by a GPS component associated with thewireless communication device related to the vehicle. Route modificationmodule 904 may also determine the current location of the vehicle and/ora current velocity of the vehicle based on the GPS data received.Alternatively or additionally, the current state of the vehicle mayinclude at least one operational condition of the vehicle. For example,route modification module 904 may receive from the device associatedwith the vehicle data measured by one or more sensors onboard thevehicle, and determine the at least one operational condition of thevehicle determined using the data received. Exemplary operationalcondition may include the acceleration and/or deceleration capabilitiesof the vehicle.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine atleast one environmental condition that can affect implementinginstructions associated with one or more changes to the first drivingroute, and predict the location of the vehicle at the second time basedon the determined at least one environmental condition. For example,route modification module 904 may receive the data relating toenvironmental conditions (e.g., data relating to current trafficconditions near the vehicle), and determine that vehicles are notallowed to make a left turn (i.e., a change to the first driving route)along the road the vehicle is traveling until 14th Street. Exemplaryenvironmental conditions may include a neighborhood where the vehicle iscurrently located, current traffic conditions near the vehicle, currentweather conditions, characteristics of a road the vehicle is driving, atime of day, a lane condition (e.g., a number of lanes of a road beingtraveled by the vehicle and traffic regulatory data associated with alane that the vehicle is traveling in) or the like, or a combinationthereof.

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine thetype of the vehicle and predict the location of the vehicle at thesecond time based on the type of the vehicle. For example, routemodification module 904 may determine whether the vehicle is amanually-driven, semi-autonomous, or autonomous vehicle (i.e., if thedriver of the vehicle is a human driver with some or no autonomousdriving assistance, or an autonomous driver). Route modification module904 may determine a typical reaction time based on the determinedvehicle type. For instance, route modification module 904 may determinea first typical reaction time associated with a human driver, a secondtypical reaction time associated with an autonomous driver, or a thirdtypical reaction time associated with a semi-autonomous driver. Routemodification module 904 may further predict the location of vehicle atthe second time based on the determined typical reaction time.

At step 1109, route modification module 904 may determine a seconddriving route based on the predicted location of the vehicle at thesecond time. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 10 , route modificationmodule 904 may determine a second driving route that includes making aleft turn at point 1022 from first road 1011 to third road 1013 based onthe predicted location of the vehicle at the second time (e.g., alocation corresponding to time t₁).

In some embodiments, route modification module 904 may determine thesecond driving route based on data directing the vehicle to turn to aspecified direction. For example, route modification module 904 mayreceive the data directing the vehicle to turn to a specified direction(e.g., a direction to the pick-up location of a newly assigned user).Route modification module 904 may identify that a first turn to orientthe vehicle to the specified direction is located between the currentlocation of the vehicle and the predicted location of the vehicle. Routemodification module 904 may also identify that a second turn to orientthe vehicle to the specified direction is located after the predictedlocation of the vehicle. The first turn is closer to the vehicle'scurrent location than the second turn is. Route modification module 904may further send to the device associated with the vehicle (e.g., awireless communication device) instructions directing the vehicle tonavigate by turning at the second turn and not the first turn. In someembodiments, the instructions may be received by the wirelesscommunications device before the vehicle passes the first turn. By wayof example, as illustrated in FIG. 10 , route modification module 904may receive the data directing vehicle 1001 to turn to the north. Routemodification module 904 may identify that a first turn to orient to thenorth (e.g., a left turn from first road 1011 to second road 1012 atpoint 1021) is located between the current location of vehicle and apredicted location of the vehicle (e.g., the location corresponding totime t₂). Route modification module 904 may also identify that a secondturn (e.g., a left turn from first road 1011 to third road 1013 at point1022) to orient the vehicle to the north is located after the predictedlocation of the vehicle (e.g., the location corresponding to time t₂).Route modification module 904 may further send to a wirelesscommunication device associated with the vehicle instructions directingthe vehicle to navigate by turning at point 1022 (i.e., the second turn)and not point 1021 (i.e., the first turn).

At step 1111, route modification module 904 may send instructionsassociated with the second driving route to the device associated withthe vehicle prior to the second time. For example, route modificationmodule 904 may send to the wireless communication device associated withthe vehicle the instructions associated with the second driving route,including making a left turn at point 1022 from first road 1011 to thirdroad 1013. In some embodiments, assignment module 905 may direct thevehicle according to the second route. For example, assignment module905 may transmit instructions associated with the second driving routethe device associated with the vehicle, directing the vehicle to travelaccording to the second driving route.

Avoiding Missed Rideshare Connections

Embodiments of the present disclosure may allow for a vehicle managementsystem to manage a fleet of ridesharing vehicles. The vehicle managementsystem may receive ride requests from a plurality of users via acommunication interface (e.g., communication module 1201). In someembodiments, a ride request may be a shared-ride request for which theuser sending the request agrees to ride in the same vehicle with one ormore unrelated passengers. A ride request may also include informationfor a starting point and a desired destination of the user. For example,the vehicle management system may receive a first ride request from afirst user and a second ride request from a second user. The firstrequest may include a first desired starting point and a first desireddestination, and the second request may include a second desiredstarting point and a second desired destination.

The vehicle management system may also receive current vehicle locationdata for a fleet of ridesharing vehicles. In some embodiments, thecurrent vehicle location data associated with a vehicle may includeglobal positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least one GPScomponent associated with the vehicle. The vehicle management system mayfurther electronically assign a ridesharing vehicle to pick up the firstuser and determine a driving route for transporting the first user. Thedriving route may include a first pick-up location and a first drop-offlocation for the first user. The vehicle management system may alsodetermine a target arrival time at the first drop-off location.

The vehicle management system may calculate an estimated delay thatwould be caused to the first user by picking up of the second user, anddetermine whether the delay would cause the first user to arrive at thefirst drop-off location after the target arrival time. The vehiclemanagement system may further determine that picking up the second userwill not cause the first user to arrive at the first drop-off locationafter the target arrival time, and electronically assign the ridesharingvehicle to pick up the second user. The vehicle management system mayalso direct the ridesharing vehicle according to an updated drivingroute that includes a second pick-up location and a second drop-offlocation for the second user.

FIG. 12 depicts an embodiment of memory module 250 for providinginstructions to a vehicle consistent with the present disclosure. Memory250 may store a plurality of modules, and may be executable by at leastone processor to perform various methods and processes disclosed herein.Further, it should be noted that memory 250 may store more or fewermodules than those shown in FIG. 12 , depending onimplementation-specific considerations.

As illustrated in FIG. 12 , memory 250 may store software instructionsto execute a communication module 1201, a ride request module 1202, alocation module 1203, a route modification module 1204, an assignmentmodule 1205, and a database interface module 1206. Memory 250 mayfurther store a database 1207.

Communication module 1201 may include software instruction forcommunicating with other components of ridesharing management system 100(e.g., one or more user devices 120A-120C, driver devices 120D and 120E,driving-control device 120F). Ride request module 1202 may includesoftware instruction for receiving ride requests from one or more users.Location module 1203 may include software instruction for receiving thelocation of a vehicle from one or more sources. Route modificationmodule 1204 may include software instruction for modifying a route for avehicle. Assignment module 1205 may include software instruction forelectronically assigning a ride request to a vehicle. Database interfacemodule 1206 may include software instruction executable to interact withdatabase 1207, to store and/or receive information (e.g., geographicalmaps associated with a geographical area in which one or more vehiclesare operating, current traffic information of a geographical area,historical data for efficient routes, public transportation schedulesfor one or more public transportations).

Communication module 1201 may include software instructions forfacilitating communications between the device on which it isimplemented (e.g., ridesharing management server 150) and anothercomponent of ridesharing management system 100 (e.g., mobilecommunications devices 120A-120F, one or more vehicles, database 170).For example, ridesharing management server 150 may receive locationreceive location data indicative of a current location of the vehiclefrom a device (e.g., a wireless communication device) associated withthe vehicle via communication module 1201. Ridesharing management server150 may also receive ride requests from the devices associated withusers. Ridesharing management server 150 may further receive updatedinformation relating to one or more users and/or ridesharing vehiclesvia communication module 1201. For instance, via communication module1201, ridesharing management server 150 may receive an updated scheduleof a public transportation relating to a user's ride from a website ofthe operator of the public transportation (or other resources).

Ride request module 1202 may include software instructions for receivinga plurality of requests for a ride from a plurality of users. Each riderequest may include a desired starting point and a desired destination.For example, a ride request from a user may include a desired startingpoint determined based on GPS data generated by a GPS component of adevice associated with the user. The ride request may also include adesired destination generated based on an input by the user at thedevice associated with the user. In some embodiments, ride requestmodule 1202 may determine a pick-up location and a drop-off locationbased on the ride request. The determined pick-up location may be alocation other than but in proximity to the starting point, and thedetermined drop-off location may be a location other than but inproximity to the desired destination. Additionally or alternatively,ride request module 1202 may determine the drop-off location for a userbased on the status of a vehicle to be assigned to this user, thedesired destination of the ride request, and/or other factors. Forexample, in one embodiment, a ride request may include information thatthe desired destination is a building at the corner of an intersectionof two cross streets. Ride request module 1202 may determine thatdropping the user off at the intersection would result in the vehicleentering a one-way street, impeding a more efficient route to a chargingstation. Thus, ride request module 1202 may instead, for example,determine a drop-off location at a location proximal to the desireddestination, and avoid entering the one-way street. In some embodiments,ride request module 1202 may determine a drop-off location that isassociated with a public transportation based on the desireddestination. For example, a user may currently be in New York City andtransmit to the vehicle management system a ride request including alocation in Boston as the desired destination via the device associatedwith the user. Ride request module 1202 may determine a central busstation in New York City as the drop-off location such that the user cantake a bus at the bus station to Boston.

Location module 1203 may include software instructions for receivingcurrent vehicle location data for a vehicle in real time orperiodically. In some embodiments, the current vehicle location data mayinclude global positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least oneGPS component associated with the vehicle. Alternatively oradditionally, the location data may include data of other types ofglobal positioning technologies (e.g., Galileo or global navigationsatellite system (GNSS)) generated by a corresponding positioningcomponent. Additionally or alternatively, location module 1203 mayreceive other location information, such as cell tower triangulationdata, Wi-Fi or other signal strength data, or any other combination oflocation information. In one example, location module 1203 may receivethe location data from, for example, a mobile communication device(e.g., a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.) associated (e.g.,located in the passenger cabin) with the vehicle.

Assignment module 1205 may electronically assign a ridesharing vehicleto one or more users. Assignment module 1205 may also determine a routefor the vehicle to pick up and drop off the user(s) and direct thevehicle according to the determined route. Assignment module 1205 maydetermine a first driving route for a vehicle and direct the vehicle toa desired destination using the first driving route. Assignment module1205 may also reassign a user currently assigned to a ridesharingvehicle to another ridesharing vehicle based on updated informationreceived via communication module 1201.

Route modification module 1204 may modify the driving route of aridesharing vehicle based on a change to the schedule of one or moreusers currently assigned to the ridesharing vehicle. For example, routemodification module 1204 may modify the driving route of a ridesharingvehicle based on a determination that continuing the current drivingroute will result in a delay to one of the users assigned to theridesharing vehicle by skipping the pick-up of one of the users.

Database interface module 1206 may include software instructions forinteracting with database 1207, to store and/or receive information.Database 1207 may be configured to store any type of informationassociated with modules 1201-1206, depending on implementation-specificconsiderations. For example, database 1207 may store the schedules ofpublic transportations, and assignment module 1205 may access database1207 for the schedule data via database interface module 1206.

Modules 1201-1206 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, orany combination of software, hardware or firmware. For example, if themodules are implemented in software, they may be stored in memory 250.However, in some embodiments, any one or more of modules 1201-1206 anddata associated with database 1207 may, for example, be stored inprocessor 204 and/or executed on a device associated with ridesharingmanagement system 100 and/or a device associated with a vehicle. Modules1201-1206 may be configured to interact with each other and/or othermodules of memory 250 to perform functions consistent with disclosedembodiments.

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary process fordirecting (or providing navigational directions to) a ridesharingvehicle. As illustrated in FIG. 13 , ride request module 1202 mayreceive a first ride request from a first user 1311 via, for example,communication module 1201. The first ride request may includeinformation specifying a desired starting point and a desireddestination. The first ride request may be a shared-ride request forwhich the first user agrees to ride a vehicle with one or more unrelatedpassengers.

Assignment module 1205 may determine a first pick-up location (e.g.,first pick-up location 1321) and a first drop-off location (e.g., firstdrop-off location 1331) for the first user 1311 based on the first riderequest. Location module 1203 may receive current vehicle location datafor a fleet of ridesharing vehicles. In some embodiments, the currentvehicle location data associated with a vehicle may include globalpositioning system (GPS) data generated by at least one GPS componentassociated with the vehicle. Assignment module 1205 may electronicallyassign a ridesharing vehicle (e.g., first ridesharing vehicle 1301) topick up the first user. Assignment module 1205 may also determine adriving route for transporting the first user (e.g., first route 1341),including first pick-up location 1321 and first drop-off location 1331.Assignment module 1205 may further determine a target arrival time forfirst user 1311 at first drop-off location 1331.

Ride request module 1202 may receive a second ride request from a seconduser (e.g., second user 1312) via communication module 1201. The secondride request may include information specifying a desired starting pointand a desired destination. The second ride request may be a shared-riderequest for which the second user agrees to ride a vehicle with one ormore unrelated passengers. Assignment module 1205 may also determine asecond pick-up location (e.g., second pick-up location 1322) and asecond drop-off location (not shown) for second user 1312 based on thesecond ride request.

Route modification module 1204 may calculate an estimated delay thatwould be caused to first user 1311 by picking up of second user 1312.Route modification module 1204 may also determine whether the delaywould cause first user 1311 to arrive at drop-off location after thetarget arrival time. If route modification module 1204 determines thatpicking up the second user will not cause first user 1311 to arrive atfirst drop-off location 1331 after the target arrival time, assignmentmodule 1205 may electronically assign first ridesharing vehicle 1301 topick up second user 1312. Route modification module 1204 may determinean updated (or a second) route (e.g., second route 1342) includingsecond pick-up location 1322 and the second drop-off location of seconduser 1312. Assignment module 1205 may further direct first ridesharingvehicle 1301 according to second route 1342.

On the other hand, if route modification module 1204 determines thatpicking up second user 1312 will cause first user 1311 to arrive at thefirst drop-off location after the target arrival time, assignment module1205 may electronically assign a different ridesharing vehicle (notshown) to second user 1312, and assignment module 1205 may direct firstridesharing vehicle 1301 according to first route 1341 as previouslyscheduled.

FIG. 14A is a flowchart showing an exemplary process 1410 for directing(or providing navigational directions to) a vehicle in accordance withsome embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, the stepsof process 1410 may be performed by a vehicle management server, such asridesharing management server 150 described above with reference toFIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, at least some of the steps of process1410 may be performed by a mobile communications device associated witha vehicle, such as mobile communications devices 120 described abovewith reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 . For example, at least some of thesteps of process 1410 may be performed by a mobile communications deviceassociated with the vehicle as a navigation application installed in themobile communications device configured to provide navigationaldirections to a user associated with the vehicle. Alternatively, thevehicle may be a semi-autonomous or autonomous vehicle, and at leastsome of the steps of process 1410 may be performed by a processingdevice associated with the vehicle. In the following description,reference is made to certain components of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes ofillustration. It will be appreciated, however, that otherimplementations are possible and that other component may be utilized toimplement example methods disclosed herein.

At step 1411, ride request module 1202 may receive a first ride requestfrom a first user (e.g., first user 1311) via, for example,communication module 1201. The first ride request may includeinformation specifying a desired starting point and a desireddestination. The first ride request may be a shared-ride request forwhich the first user agrees to ride a vehicle with one or more unrelatedpassengers.

In some embodiments, a ride request received from a user may include anindication of a desire of the user to make a connection to and/or frompublic transportation. Exemplary public transportation includes a train,subway, bus, airplane, ferry, or the like, or a combination thereof. Theconnection to (or from) public transportation may relate to the desiredstarting point or desired destination. For example, the first riderequest from first user 1311 may include an indication of a desire offirst user 1311 to make a connection to a bus at first drop-off location1331 (e.g., a bus station). In other words, first user 1311 may ride ona ridesharing vehicle from first pick-up location 1321 to first drop-offlocation 1331, and then ride a bus at first drop-off location 1331 (or alocation close to first drop-off location 1331). As another example, thefirst ride request may include an indication of a desire of first user1311 to be picked up from a bus station at the desired starting point(e.g., first pick-up location 1321). First user 1311 may arrive at thebus station and be picked up by first ridesharing vehicle 1301 at firstpick-up location 1321, and first ridesharing vehicle 1301 may transportfirst user 1311 to first drop-off location 1331. As a further example,the first ride request may include an indication of a desire of firstuser 1311 to be picked up from a bus station at the desired startingpoint and make a connection to a train at a train station (i.e., thedesired destination).

At step 1412, location module 1203 may receive current vehicle locationdata for a fleet of ridesharing vehicles. For example, location module1203 may receive current vehicle location data for a vehicle from acommunication device associated with the vehicle (e.g., a user device120). In some embodiments, the current vehicle location data associatedwith a vehicle may include global positioning system (GPS) datagenerated by at least one GPS component associated with the vehicle. Insome embodiments, the current vehicle location data may include GPS datagenerated by at least one GPS component associated with the vehicle.Alternatively or additionally, the location data may include data ofother types of global positioning technologies (e.g., Galileo or globalnavigation satellite system (GNSS)) generated by a correspondingpositioning component. Additionally or alternatively, location module1203 may receive other location information, such as cell towertriangulation data, Wi-Fi or other signal strength data, or any othercombination of location information. In one example, location module1203 may receive the location data, for example, from a mobilecommunication device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.)associated (e.g., located in the passenger cabin) with the vehicle. Insome embodiments, location module 1203 may receive location dataassociated with the vehicle in real time or periodically.

At step 1413, assignment module 1205 may electronically assign aridesharing vehicle (e.g., first ridesharing vehicle 1301) to pick upthe first user. The assignment may be determined based on the locationdata associated with the ridesharing vehicles and/or the first riderequest received. For example, assignment module 1205 may assign aridesharing vehicle that is the closest to the first desired startingpoint (or the first pick-up location determined according to the firstdesired starting point) based on the current location data and the firstdesired starting point included in the first ride request. In someembodiments, the assignment may further be determined based on therecord of a driver associated with a ridesharing vehicle. As anotherexample, assignment module 1205 may assign a ridesharing vehicle thathas a driver ranked above a ranking threshold and is the closest to thefirst desired starting point to the first user. In some embodiments, therecord of a driver may be updated as described elsewhere in thisdisclosure (e.g., updating the record based on navigational mistake thedriver made in the past).

Assignment module 1205 may also determine a first pick-up location and afirst drop-off location for the first user based on the first riderequest. Assignment module 1205 may further determine a driving routefor transporting the first user, including the first pick-up locationand first drop-off location. For example, assignment module 1205 maydetermine first pick-up location 1321 based on the first desiredstarting point and first drop-off location 1331 based on the firstdesired destination. Assignment module 1205 may further determine thefirst route 1341 for transporting first user 1311.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may determine the firstpick-up location and/or first drop-off location based on an indicationincluded in the first ride request indicating a desire of the first userto make a connection to (and/or from) a public transportation. Forexample, the first ride request may include an indication of the firstuser to make a connection to a train at the first desired destination(e.g., a train station). Assignment module 1205 may determine the firstdrop-off location based on the indication. By way of example, there maybe multiple pick-up (and/or drop-off) locations associated with thetrain station, and assignment module 1205 may determine one of thelocations as the first pick-up location according to traffic data (e.g.,real-time traffic conditions near the train station, road restrictionsassociated with the train station, etc.), information relating to thepublic transportation (e.g., the closest location to the train), or thelike, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may determine the firstdrop-off location (and/or first pick-up location) based on informationrelating to the specification public transportation (e.g., a schedule ofa specific train). For example, assignment module 1205 may access theschedule data relating to a specific public transportation stored indatabase 1207 via database interface module 1206 (or from otherresources such as the database or website associated with the operatorof the public transportation).

At step 1414, assignment module 1205 may determine a target arrival timeat the first drop-off location. For example, assignment module 1205 maydetermine a target arrival time at the first drop-off location based onthe first route, traffic data along (or associated with) the firstroute, potential time for picking up the first user, potential detourtime (e.g., picking up another user), or the like, or a combinationthereof. In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may transmit theinformation of the target arrival time to the first ridesharing vehicleand/or the first user via the device associated with the vehicle oruser.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may determine a targetarrival time at the first drop-off location (and/or the first pick-uplocation) based on the first ride request. For example, as describedabove, the first ride request may include an indication of a desire ofthe first user to make a connection to (and/or from) a publictransportation. Assignment module 1205 may determine a target arrivaltime at the first drop-off location based on the desired connection. Byway of example, the first user may indicate in the first ride requestthat the user desires to make a connection to a train leaving a trainstation by 2:00 p.m. Assignment module 1205 may determine a drop-offlocation for the first user based on the first ride request. Assignmentmodule 1205 may also determine a target arrival time at the drop-offlocation to be 1:30 p.m., which enables the desired connection of thefirst user. As such the first user can make the desired connection ontime.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may access a schedule forthe specific public transportation, and determine a target arrival timebased on a schedule of the public transportation that enables the firstuser to arrive on time for the public transportation. For example, thefirst ride request may include an indication of a desired connection ofthe first user to make a connection to a subway at a desireddestination. Assignment module 1205 may determine a drop-off locationfor the first user based on the indication. Assignment module 1205 mayalso access a subway schedule from one or more resources (e.g., scheduledata stored in database 1207, a website associated with the subwayoperator, etc.). Assignment module 1205 may further determine a targetarrival time that enables the first user to arrive on time for thesubway. The determination of the target arrival time may be based on thefirst pick-up location, first drop-off location, the schedule of thesubway, traffic data, or the like, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, assignment module 1205 may also determine a departure timeof the public transportation based on the accessed schedule. Assignmentmodule 1205 may further transmit to the first user information relatingto the departure time of the public transportation via communicationmodule 1201.

In some embodiments, when determining the target arrival time at thefirst drop-off location, assignment module 1205 may take an orientationtime factor into account. The orientation time factor refers to the timefor a user to find the specific public transportation (or the assignedridesharing vehicle). For example, assignment module 1205 may obtain (ordetermine) stop information relating to the public transportation anddetermine an orientation time factor based on the stop information. Byway of example, assignment module 1205 may determine that the publictransportation is a bus that stops at a bus stop by the street.Assignment module 1205 may determine an orientation time factor of 2minutes for the first user to find the bus. Assignment module 1205 mayalso determine the target arrival by adding the determined orientationtime factor of 2 minutes to an estimated time of arrival determinedbased on traffic data (and/or other factors). As another example,assignment module 1205 may determine that the public transportation is abus that stops in a central station with dozens of other buses.Assignment module 1205 may determine an orientation time factor of 10minutes for the first user to find the bus. In some embodiments, stopinformation relating to public transportations and correspondingorientation time factors may be stored in database 1207, and assignmentmodule 1205 may access stored orientation time factors in database 1207via database interface module 1206.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may determine an expectedtime of arrival at the first desired destination of the first userfollowing using the public transportation. For example, the first usermay currently be in New York City and transmit to the vehicle managementsystem a first ride request including a location in Boston as the firstdesired destination via the device associated with the user. Assignmentmodule 1205 may determine a bus station in New York City as the firstdrop-off location. Assignment module 1205 may also determine a scheduleof a bus that can transport the first user to the desired destination.Assignment module 1205 may further determine a specific bus for thefirst user and determine a target arrival time based on the schedule ofthe bus (e.g., the departure time of the bus). In some embodiments,assignment module 1205 may take an orientation time factor into accountwhen determining the target arrival time as described elsewhere in thisdisclosure. Assignment module 1205 may also transmit to the deviceassociated with the first user the determined specific bus and targetarrival time. In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may furtherdetermine a pick-up time based on the target arrival time, bus schedule,pick-up location, traffic data, or the like, or a combination thereof.Assignment module 1205 may also determine an expected time of arrival atthe first desired destination (i.e., a bus station in Boston or thedesired location included in the first ride request) following use ofthe specific public transportation. Assignment module 1205 may furthertransmit an indication of the expected time of arrival to the deviceassociated with the first user.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may electronically assign aridesharing vehicle to pick up the first user at the destination of thespecific public transportation and transport the first user to thedesired destination. For example, the first user, who is currently inNew York City, may specify a desired destination in Boston. Assignmentmodule 1205 may determine a specific bus as the public transportationand a central bus station as the first drop-off location. Assignmentmodule 1205 may also determine a pick-up location (in Boston or aneighbor city) for a ridesharing vehicle to pick up the first user whenthe user arrives at the bus station in Boston following use of the bus.Assignment module 1205 may also determine a drop-off location for thefirst user based on the desired destination and electronically assign aridesharing vehicle to transport the first user from that pick-uplocation to the determined drop-off location.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may obtain updates of thepublic transportation schedule (in real time or periodically) anddetermine the target arrival time based on the updates of the scheduleof the specific public transportation. Assignment module 1205 may alsodetermine an updated target arrival time based on the updates of theschedule of the specific public transportation. Assignment module 1205may further modify one or more assignments relating to the firstridesharing vehicle. For example, assignment module 1205 may determinethat an updated target arrival time is earlier than the previouslydetermined target arrival time based on the real-time updates. To enablethe first user to make the connection on time, assignment module 1205may cancel the assignment of a second user who has also been assigned tothe first ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module 1205 may further assigna second ridesharing vehicle to pick up the second user at thedetermined pick-up location for the second user. As another example,according to the real-time updates, assignment module 1205 may determinethat the updated target arrival time is later than the previouslydetermined target arrival time. Assignment module 1205 may alsodetermine an estimated delay that would be caused to the first user 1311by picking up a new user (e.g., a second or a third user). Assignmentmodule 1205 may assign the new user to the first ridesharing vehicle topick up before arriving at the first drop-off location if the delaywould not cause the first user to arrive at the first drop-off locationafter the updated target arrival time.

At step 1415, ride request module 1202 may receive a second ride requestfrom a second user (e.g., second user 1312) via communication module1201. The second ride request may include information specifying adesired starting point and a desired destination. The second riderequest may be a shared-ride request for which the first user agrees toride a vehicle with one or more unrelated passengers.

At step 1416, route modification module 1204 may calculate an estimateddelay that would be caused to the first user by picking up of the seconduser. For example, route modification module 1204 may determine a detourfor picking up the second user and calculate the estimated delay basedon the detour. In some embodiments, route modification module 1204 mayalso calculate the estimated delay based on traffic data.

At step 1417, route modification module 1204 may determine whether thedelay would cause the first user to arrive at drop-off location afterthe target arrival time. By way of example, route modification module1204 may calculate an estimated delay of 10 minutes that would be causedto the first user by picking up of the second user at step 1416. Routemodification module 1204 may obtain the target arrival time fromassignment module 1205 and determine whether the delay of 10 minuteswould cause the first user to arrive at drop-off location after thetarget arrival time.

At step 1418, if route modification module 1204 determines that pickingup the second user will not cause the first user to arrive at the firstdrop-off location after the target arrival time, assignment module 1205may electronically assign the first ridesharing vehicle to pick up thesecond user. Route modification module 1204 may determine an updated (ora second) route including the second pick-up location and the seconddrop-off location of the second user. Assignment module 1205 may at step1419 further direct first ridesharing vehicle 1301 according to secondroute 1342.

On the other hand, if route modification module 1204 determines thatpicking up the second user will cause the first user to arrive at thefirst drop-off location after the target arrival time, assignment module1205 may not assign the second user to the first ridesharing vehicle (ortake no actions with respect to the assignment of the first ridesharingvehicle). In other words, assignment module 1205 may direct the firstridesharing vehicle according to the first route previously scheduled.In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may electronically assign adifferent vehicle to transport the second user. In some embodiments,assignment module 1205 may repeat steps 1414-1419 for a third user. Forexample, assignment module 1205 may receive a third ride request from adevice associated with a third user and determine an estimated delaythat would be caused to the first user by picking up of the third user.After determining that picking up the third user will not cause thefirst user to arrive at the first drop-off location after the targetarrival time, assignment module 1205 may electronically assign the firstridesharing vehicle to pick up the third user.

In some embodiments, route modification module 1204 may update the firstdriving route for the first ridesharing vehicle such that the seconduser is picked up at the second pick-up location before the first userarrives at the first drop-off location. For example, as illustrated inFIG. 13 , first ridesharing vehicle 1301 may pick up second user 1312 atsecond pick-up location 1322 before first user 1311 arrives at firstdrop-off location 1331 according to the updated route (i.e., secondroute 1342). In some embodiments, route modification module 1204 mayupdate the driving route for the first ridesharing vehicle such that thesecond user is dropped off at the second drop-off location before thefirst user arrives at the first drop-off location.

In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may send to the first useran indication of a guaranteed arrival time associated with a transfer toa different ridesharing vehicle to complete a ride of the first user.For example, assignment module 1205 may assign a first ridesharingvehicle, which is for inter-city rides, to the first user for the firstportion of the ride and assign a second ridesharing vehicle, which isfor intra-city rides, to the first user for the second portion of theride. The second ridesharing vehicle may pick up the first user at atransfer location and transport the first user to the first drop-offlocation. In some embodiments, assignment module 1205 may receiveupdates on a current location of the second ridesharing vehicle and toreassign a second user who has been assigned to the first or secondridesharing vehicle to a different ridesharing vehicle (e.g., a thirdridesharing vehicle) based on predicted arrival times of the first andsecond ridesharing vehicles at a passenger transfer location. Forexample, assignment module 1205 may determine that the secondridesharing vehicle will arrive at the transfer location late (e.g., for5 minutes) according to its current assignment and/or a current locationof the second ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module 1205 may reassignthe second user, who has been previously assigned to the secondridesharing vehicle, to a third ridesharing vehicle. Assignment module1205 may update the route for the second ridesharing vehicle and directthe second ridesharing vehicle to skip picking up the second user and goto the transfer location of the first user directly. The thirdridesharing vehicle may pick up the second user and transport the seconduser according to the new assignment.

In some embodiments, before reassigning the first (or second) user,assignment module 1205 may request an agreement from the user to bereassigned. For example, assignment module 1205 may transmit viacommunication module 1201 a request of reassignment to the deviceassociated with the user. The request of reassignment may includeinformation relating to potential delay to the user that would resultfrom continuing the current assignment. For example, assignment module1205 may transmit a request to the user indicating that he or she wouldarrive 15 minutes late at the desired destination (or the drop-offlocation). The request may also indicate that the user would arrive ontime (or 5 minutes late) if he or she agrees to be reassigned to adifferent ridesharing vehicle. In some embodiments, assignment module1205 may also provide an incentive to the user to agree to areassignment. Exemplary incentive may include a discount for the ride(or a future ride), a coupon, or the like, or a combination thereof.

In some embodiments, after assigning a second user to the firstridesharing vehicle, the vehicle management system may modify the routeof the first ridesharing vehicle based on updated information. FIG. 14Bis a flowchart showing an exemplary process 1420 for directing a vehicleaccording to updated information in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

At step 1421, communication module 1201 may receive updated information.Updated information received may include updated information relating tothe first user, the second user, the first ridesharing vehicle, one ormore other ridesharing vehicles, the public transportation, trafficdata, environment conditions associated with the driving route, or thelike, or a combination thereof. For example, the first ride request fromthe first user may include an indication that the first user will arriveat the first starting point or the first pick-up location using a publictransportation, and communication module 1201 may receive updatedinformation associated with the first user in real time or periodically.The updated information may include updated information relating to thepublic transportation arriving near the first starting point or thefirst pick-up location. By way of example, communication module 1201 mayreceive an updated arrival of time of a train (i.e., the publictransportation) indicating that the bus will be late at the firststarting point (or the first pick-up location) for 10 minutes.

In some embodiments, the first ridesharing vehicle may be assigned tothree or more users. For example, the first ridesharing vehicle may beassigned to the first user, the second user, and a third user. Beforepicking up the first user, the first ridesharing vehicle may havealready picked up the third user (also referred to an existing user).Communication module 1201 may receive updated information relating tothe first user, second user, and/or existing user.

At step 1422, assignment module 1205 may determine whether a schedulechange to the first user and/or the second user (and/or an existinguser) that will result from continuing the current driving route (i.e.,the updated driving route based on the first driving route) exceeds athreshold, based on the received updated information. The threshold maybe in a range of 1 to 60 minutes. In some embodiments, the threshold maybe restricted in a subrange of 1-5 minutes, 5-10 minutes, 10-30 minutes,or 30-60 minutes.

For example, communication module 1201 may receive updated informationassociated with the first user that includes an updated arrival of timeof a train (i.e., the public transportation) indicating that the buswill arrive at the first starting point (or the first pick-up location)late (e.g., for 10 minutes). Assignment module 1205 may determinewhether a schedule change to the first user and/or the second user thatwill result from continuing the current driving route exceeds athreshold because of the late arrival of the train. By way of example,assignment module 1205 may determine that the 10-minute delay of thetrain will cause a 10-minute delay to the target arrival time of thefirst user at the first drop-off location if the first ridesharingvehicle continues the current route, which includes picking up thesecond user at the second pick-up location. Assignment module 1205 mayalso determine that the delay to the first user exceeds a threshold(e.g., 5 minutes). As another example, assignment module 1205 maydetermine that the 10-minute delay of the train will cause a 10-minutedelay to the second user to arrive at the second drop-off location ifthe first ridesharing vehicle continues the current driving route, andthe delay to the second user exceeds a threshold. As a further example,communication module 1201 may receive an updated schedule of the trainindicating that the train will arrive 10 minutes early at the firststarting point (or the first pick-up location). Assignment module 1205may determine that the early arrival of the train may cause an extra10-minute waiting time of the first user to wait for the picking up thesecond user as previously scheduled if the first ridesharing vehiclecontinues the current driving route. Assignment module 1205 may alsodetermine that this change to the first user's schedule exceeds athreshold (e.g., 5 minutes). As yet another example, assignment module1205 may determine whether the sum of the changes to the first andsecond users exceeds a threshold.

In some embodiments, the first ridesharing vehicle may be assigned tothree or more users. Assignment module 1205 may determine whether thechange to one of the users (or any combination of the changes to two ormore users) exceeds a threshold based on the updated information.

If assignment module 1205 determines that the change to the schedule ofthe first and/or second user (and/or an existing user) does not exceedthe threshold, assignment module 1205 may direct the first ridesharingvehicle 1301 according to the current driving route (or take no furtheraction). On the other hand, if assignment module 1205 determines thatthe change to the schedule of the first or second user (and/or anexisting user) exceeds the threshold, process 1420 may proceed to step1423.

At step 1423, assignment module 1205 may update the assignment of thefirst ridesharing vehicle and/or one or more other ridesharing vehicles.Route modification module 1204 may also modify the driving route of thefirst ridesharing vehicle based on the determined change to the scheduleof the first and/or second user (and/or an existing user). For example,assignment module 1205, at step 1422, may determine that a 10-minutedelay to the arrival time of the first user at the first drop-offlocation that will result from continuing the current driving routeexceeds a threshold, and assignment module 1205 may reassign the seconduser (who has been previously assigned to the first ridesharing vehicle)to a different ridesharing vehicle (e.g., a second ridesharing vehicle).As such, the first ridesharing vehicle may drive to the first drop-offlocation without picking up the second user. As another example, insteadof reassigning the second user as described in the example above,assignment module 1205 may reassign the first user to a secondridesharing vehicle, and the first ridesharing vehicle may skip pickingup the first user. The second ridesharing vehicle may transport thefirst user to the first drop-off location, and the first ridesharingvehicle may transport the second user to the second drop-off location.

Route modification module 1204 may modify the current driving route forthe first ridesharing vehicle. For example, route modification module1204 may modify the driving route of the first ridesharing vehicle basedon the current location of the vehicle and the first drop-off location(and/or other factors such as traffic conditions). Route modificationmodule 1204 may also modify the driving route for the second ridesharingvehicle, and the modified driving route includes the second pick-uplocation and second drop-off location of the second user.

In some embodiments, communication module 1201 may transmit to thedevice(s) associated with the first user and/or the second userinformation relating to the modified assignment(s) and/or drivingroute(s). Communication module 1201 may also transmit informationrelating to the modified assignment(s) and/or modified driving route(s)to the device(s) associated with the first ridesharing vehicle and/orthe second ridesharing vehicle.

At step 1424, assignment module 1205 may direct the first ridesharingvehicle (and/or the second ridesharing vehicle) according to themodified driving route. For example, assignment module 1205 may reassignthe second user to the second ridesharing vehicle based on the change tothe schedule of the first user (or the second user), and direct thefirst ridesharing vehicle to skip the second user and transport thefirst user to the first drop-off location directly according to themodified driving route of the first ridesharing vehicle. Assignmentmodule 1205 may also direct the second ridesharing vehicle according tothe modified driving route of the second ridesharing vehicle (e.g.,changing the previous driving route to pick up the second user).

Assigning On-Demand Vehicles Based on ETA of Fixed-Line Vehicles

Public transportation may be characterized by fixed lines of buses orother vehicles that operate at a certain frequency or on a certainroute, which may depend on time of day or day of week. Alternatively,there may be predefined departure times designating when buses exit astarting point. In many cases, especially during off-peak hours, thissomewhat non-flexible mode of operation may be underutilized due to alow number of passengers. In some cases, riders who may need to switchbetween different bus lines, may wait for each ride segment andexperience suboptimal quality of service given invested resources. Inother cases, a flexible on-demand ridesharing service may suffer frombeing too flexible. For example, where the topology of a city is notarranged as a large grid (such as Manhattan), but rather a collection ofneighborhoods connected by main roads, travelling within any suchneighborhood may involve traveling around a loop that goes around theneighborhood. In such an example, if a vehicle that provides anon-demand service enters a certain neighborhood at a certain time, itmay be suboptimal that another on-demand vehicle or a fixed-line vehicleenters the same neighborhood immediately after the first vehicle,especially if demand is sparse.

In some embodiment of the present disclosure, a ridesharing managementsystem may be configured to manage one or more ride requests receivedfrom a user by determining whether to assign an on-demand ridesharingvehicle to a user. The ridesharing management system may also beconfigured to direct a user to a pick-up location at which the user willbe picked-up by a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle. The fixed-lineridesharing vehicle may include vehicle that operate within modes ofpublic transportation.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a system may integratefixed-lines and on-demand services to enable an optimal utilization ofvehicles, driver hours, and mileage. In some embodiments, the fleetmanagement system of a combined on-demand and fixed-lines service mayadd restrictions to ride requests to enable greater optimization of thefleet as a whole. Such a fleet management system may switch a number offixed-line vehicles to operate as on-demand vehicles and improve overallquality of service. Alternatively, or additionally, the fleet managementsystem may dilute a number of fixed-line vehicles and switch part ofthem to on-demand vehicles such that overall number of vehicles may belower, and still provide comparable quality of service with lower cost.In addition, the integration can be manifested through a multi-legjourney that includes a fixed-line service and an on-demand service,where the on-demand service takes into account the scheduling of thefixed-lines service. For example, an on-demand vehicle may be directedto reach a destination before the arrival of the next fixed-line vehicleassigned for the multi-leg journey as the second leg. In anotherexample, an on-demand vehicle may be directed to reach a drop-off pointof the fixed-line route after the arrival of the fixed-line vehicleassigned for the multi-leg journey as the first leg, but not too muchafter, i.e., within a predefined period of time. In another embodiment,an on-demand vehicle may not exit a departure point too soon after orbefore a fixed-line vehicle exit the departure point. These and otherfeatures of presently disclosed embodiments are discussed in more detailbelow.

FIG. 15 depicts an embodiment of memory module 250 for assigningon-demand vehicles based on an estimated time of arrival (ETA) of afixed-line vehicle. Memory 250 may store a plurality of modules, and maybe executable by at least one processor to perform various methods andprocesses disclosed herein. Further, it should be noted that memory 250may store more or fewer modules than those shown in FIG. 15 , dependingon implementation-specific considerations.

As illustrated in FIG. 15 , memory 250 may store software instructionsto execute a data collection module 1510, a ride request module 1520, arouting module 1530, a database access module 1540, and may include adatabase 1550. Data collection module 1510 may include softwareinstruction for receiving information related to one or more users, oneor more on-demand vehicle, and/or one or more fixed-line vehicles fromone or more sources. Ride request module 1520 may include softwareinstruction for receiving a ride request from one or more users andanalyzing data received from data collection module 1510 pertaining tothe one or more ride requests. Routing module 1520 may include softwareinstruction for assigning a on-demand vehicle to a ride request based onthe analysis from ride request module 1520 and directing the on-demandvehicle. Database access module 1530 may include software instructionexecutable to interact with database 1540, to store and/or receiveinformation collected by data collection module 1510.

Data collection module 1510 may include software instructions forcollecting data associated with one or more of an on-demand ridesharingvehicle, a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle, and or a user. Datacollection module 1510 may receive data via communications interface360. For example, data collection module 1510 may include softwareinstructions for receiving information of a first group of on-demandridesharing vehicles and a second group of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles. The received information may include one or more pick-uplocations from which one or more fixed-line vehicles are able to pick-upa user, and one or more pick-up locations from which one or moreon-demand vehicles are able to pick-up the user. The receivedinformation may also include a current location of one or more users ofa ridesharing system. The pick-up locations and/or the current locationinformation may be received as a geographical coordinate information,street address, or a region prescribed by a geo-fence. In someembodiments, the first pick-up location and second pick-up location maybe located within a certain proximity of each other, including on thesame street. In some embodiments, the first pick-up location and secondpick-up location may be located on different streets.

Data collection module 1510 may include software instructions forreceiving current vehicle location data for one or more specificfixed-line vehicles and on-demand vehicles in a fleet of ridesharingvehicles. In some embodiments, the current vehicle location data mayinclude global positioning system (GPS) data generated by at least oneGPS component associated with the specific vehicle. Additionally, oralternatively, data collection module 1510 may receive other locationinformation, such as cell tower triangulation data, Wi-Fi or othersignal strength data, or any other combination of location information.

Data collection module 1510 may also be configured to receive dataassociated with the received pick-location information and currentlocation information of the user. For example, data collection module1510 may receive weather information and/or traffic information. Theweather and traffic information may include real-time data or historicaldata associated with the geographical region and/or or morecharacteristics of the ride request including a time of day, day ofweek, season of the year. The one or more characteristics may alsoinclude information that are likely to affect one or more of thecategories of received information. For example, data collection module1510 may collect information regarding sports events that may bescheduled to occur in a particular geographical region associated with acurrent location of the user.

In some embodiments, data collection module 1510 may receive informationassociated with a schedule of a fixed-line vehicle. The fixed-linevehicle may operate on a predetermined schedule, including apredetermined number of stops, predetermined drop-off locations, anddynamic schedule of the stops. The dynamic schedule of stops based on atime of day or day or week. Additionally, or alternatively, datacollection module 1510 may also receive weather information, trafficinformation, and/or demand information associated with the first pick-uplocation, second pick-up location and/or current location of the user.The weather information, traffic information and/or demand informationmay be based on real-time data or historical data stored in database1550.

Additionally, or alternatively, data collection module 1510 may alsoreceive utilized capacity information associated with one or morefixed-line vehicle associated with a fleet of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles. The utilized capacity information may include data relating toa maximum capacity of passengers a fixed-line vehicle is able totransport and a number of passengers currently being transported by thefixed-line vehicle. The difference in between the maximum capacity andthe number of passengers currently being transported may represent anavailable capacity. In some embodiments, the utilized capacityinformation may include data relating to a number of passengers assignedto the fixed-line vehicle, that has not been picked up yet but isexpected to be picked up.

Additionally, or alternatively, data collection module 1510 may alsoreceive data pertaining to a waiting threshold. A value for a waitingthreshold may be determined based on one or more environmentalconditions. For example, in some embodiments, data collection module1510 may determine that a waiting threshold is a certain duration basedon data received that it is raining and/or temperatures are low in ageographical region associated with a current location of a user of afirst pick-up location. In come embodiments, data collection module 1510may receive data associated with a waiting threshold set by a user.

Ride request module 1520 may include software instructions for receivingone or more ride requests from one or more users requesting servicesfrom a ridesharing management server. A ride request may be transmittedto ridesharing management server 150 and may include information such asa current location of a user, a desired destination of the user, anidentity of the user, a rating of the user, a number of passengers to bepicked-up, etc. Information associated with a ride request may bereceived, for example, from a mobile communication device (e.g. asmartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.) associated with a user.Network 140 may be configured to transmit data to communicationsinterface 340 for processing by processor 310.

Ride request module 1520 may also include instructions for receivinglocation information for a first group of on-demand ridesharing vehiclesand a second group of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. Ride requestmodule 1520 may, based on the received location information, identify afixed-line vehicle in the second group available to pick-up the userfrom a pick-up location other than a current location of the user. Riderequest module 1520 may also, based on the received locationinformation, identify an on-demand vehicle in the first group availableto pick-up the user from a pick-up location other than a currentlocation of the user.

Ride request module 1520 may also include instructions for analyzinginformation associated with the received location information and datacollected by data collection module 1510. For example, in someembodiments, ride request module 1520 may determine one or more valueindicative of a time duration of a ridesharing vehicle to arrive at apick-up location, a waiting time for a user, a time duration for aridesharing vehicle to reach a drop-off location, a walking distance fora user to reach a pick-up location from a current location of the user,and/or a walking distance for a user to reach a desired destination froma drop-off location.

In some embodiments, determining a time duration for a ridesharingvehicle to arrive at a pickup location may include determining a firstvalue indicative of a time duration for a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleto arrive at a first pick-up location and determining a second valueindicative of a time duration for an on-demand ridesharing vehicle toarrive at a second pick-up location. The first value and second valuemay be determined based on an analysis of traffic information within ageographical region, a distance between current location of each of theridesharing vehicles and the respective pick up location, environmentalconditions affecting a time duration, such as rain or limitedvisibility, and/or current vehicle assignment information, including acurrent route associated with each ridesharing vehicle. FIG. 16A mayrepresent exemplary process 1610 for assigning one of a fixed-linevehicle or an on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based onan estimated time of arrival time, according to an embodiment consistentwith the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, ride request module 1520 may include instructionsfor estimating a travel duration for a user to reach the desireddestination when traveling in the on-demand ridesharing vehicle and atravel duration for a user to reach the desired destination whentraveling in the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle. The estimated travelduration may be based on an analysis of traffic information within ageographical region, a distance between a pickup location for each ofthe ridesharing vehicles and the respective drop-off locations,environmental conditions affecting a travel duration and/or speed, suchas rain or limited visibility, and/or vehicle assignment information,including route for one or more passengers previously associated witheach ridesharing vehicle. FIG. 16C may represent exemplary process 1630for assigning one of a fixed-line vehicle or an on-demand ridesharingvehicle to pick-up a user based on a comparison of a travel duration fora fixed-line vehicle with a travel duration for an on-demand vehicle,according to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure.

In some embodiments, ride request module 1520 may include instructionsfor estimating a first walking distance associated with the fixed-linevehicle and a second distance associated with the on-demand ridesharingvehicle. The estimated walking distance may be compared to a walkingdistance threshold set by a user. The walking distance threshold may berepresentative of a maximum distance that a user is amenable to walkingfor a particular ride request. In some embodiments, the first and secondwalking distance may include a distance from a current location of theuser to each of a first pick up location and a second pick up location.In some embodiments, where the drop-off location is different from adesired destination set by the user, the first and second walkingdistance may include a distance from each drop-off location to thedesired destination indicated by the user. Still in other embodiments,the first and second walking distance may be a combination of a distancefrom a current location to a pick up location and a drop-off location toa desired destination for each of a fixed-line vehicle and an on-demandvehicle. FIG. 16D may represent exemplary process 1640 for assigning oneof a fixed-line vehicle or an on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick-up auser based on a comparison of a walking distance for a fixed-linevehicle with a walking distance for an on-demand vehicle, according toan embodiment consistent with the present disclosure.

Ride request module 1520 may also include software instructions fordetermining, using historical data, predicted demand for ridesharingrequests in at least one area proximate to at least one of the pick-uplocations or a current location of the user. In some embodiments, thepredicted demand for ridesharing requests may be based on historicaldata associated with a past demand for ridesharing requests in the atleast one area proximate to the at least one of first pick-up locationor a second pick-up location. The predicted demand may be associatedwith a number of ride requests received by ridesharing management serverwithin a predetermined period of time. In other embodiments, thepredicted demand may be associated with a time of day, day of the week,month of the year, and/or an event being hosted in the at least one areaproximate to at least one of the pick-up locations, drop-off locations,or desired destinations.

Additionally, or alternatively, ride request module 1520 may includeinstructions for determining an expected waiting time for each of theride-share vehicle and a fixed-line vehicle. The expected waiting timemay represent an estimated time expected to transpire in which the useris waiting as assigned ridesharing vehicle for arrive. For example, insome embodiments, the waiting time may include a time that a user isexpected to wait at a pick-up location until an assigned ridesharingvehicle arrived. Ride request module may compare the expected waitingtime to a waiting threshold received by data collection module 1510. Thecomparison may represent whether the expected waiting time is within thepermissible amount of time prescribed by the waiting threshold.

Additionally, or alternatively, ride request module 1520 may includeinstruction for confirming that a first value indicative of a timeduration for a fixed-line vehicle to reach a pick-up location and asecond value indicative of a time duration for an on-demand vehicle toreach the second pick-up location is greater than the estimated timeduration required for the user to reach a first and second respectivepick up location. This confirmation may ensure that a user will havesufficient time to reach the pick-up location from a current location ofthe user, where the pick-up location is different from the currentlocation.

Routing module 1530 may include software instructions for assigning aridesharing vehicle to a ride request, informing a user that aparticular ridesharing vehicle is enroute to a pick-up location, and/ordirecting the user to the pick-up location associated with theparticular ridesharing vehicle. Routing module 1530 may also includeinstruction for executing a ride request based on an analysis of datacollected by data collection module 1510 and processed by ride requestmodule 1520. In some embodiments, routing module 1530 may inform a userthat a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and direct the user tothe first pick-up location upon determining that a first valueindicative of a time duration for a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle toarrive at a first pick-up location is less than a second valueindicative of a time duration for the on-demand ridesharing vehicle toarrive at a second pick-up location.

In some embodiments, routing module 1530 may inform a user that thefixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and direct the user to thefirst pick-up location when the first value is value is greater than thesecond value but below a waiting threshold. For example, routing modulemay inform a user that the fixed-line vehicle will be arriving at apick-up location, where the time for arriving at the pick-up locationfor the fixed-line vehicle is greater than the time for arriving at thepick-up location for the ridesharing vehicle, but the time for arrivingat the pick-up location for the fixed-line vehicle is less that awaiting threshold that the user has indicated is acceptable. Still inother embodiments, routing module 1530 may inform a user that theon-demand ridesharing vehicle is enroute and direct the user to secondfirst pick-up location when the first value is value is greater than thesecond value, but the time for arriving at the pick-up location for thefixed-line vehicle is greater than a waiting threshold. In someembodiments, and assignment of an on-demand to pick up the user mayinclude determining a drop off location at a location other than thedesired destination for the user and is associated with a driving routein which the user shares at least a portion of a ride with at least twoother users.

Additionally, or alternatively, routing module 1530 may be configured toobtain an indication of a current utilized capacity of the fixed-lineridesharing vehicle from data collection module 1510. In someembodiments, routing module 1530 may assign an on-demand ridesharingvehicle to pick up the user when the first value is less than the secondvalue, but the current utilized capacity of the fixed-line vehicle isgreater than a capacity threshold. For example, routing module 1530 maydetermine that the capacity of the fixed-line vehicle is full andtherefore, though it may arrive at a first pick-up spot earlier thanon-demand vehicle, there is insufficient capacity in the fixed-linevehicle. Accordingly, routing module 1530 may assign an on-demandvehicle to pick up the user from a second pick up location. FIG. 16B mayrepresent exemplary process 1620 for assigning one of a fixed-linevehicle or an on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick-up a user based on acapacity of a fixed-line vehicle compared with a capacity threshold,according to an embodiment consistent with the present disclosure.

Additionally, or alternatively, routing module 1530 may be configured toassign an on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when thefirst value is less than the second value, but the travel duration forthe user to reach the desired destination when the user travels in thefixed-line vehicle is greater than the travel duration when the usertravels in the on-demand ridesharing vehicle For example, if it willtake the fixed line vehicle two hours to reach the desired destinationand the on-demand vehicle less than two hours, routing module 1530 mayassign the routing module to pick up the user. Additionally, oralternatively, routing module may be configured to assign the on-demandridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when a combination of the firstvalue and the first walking distance is greater than a combination ofthe second value and the second walking distance.

Additionally, or alternatively, routing module 1530 may be configured toassign the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when thefirst value is less than the second value, but a first walking distanceassociated with the fixed-line vehicle is greater than a second walkingdistance associated with the on-demand vehicle. For example, routingmodule 1530 may determine that fixed-line vehicle may arrive earlierthan an on-demand vehicle to their respective pick-up location; however,if the first pick up location is greater than a walking threshold set toa walking distance that is acceptable to the user, routing module 1530may assign the on-demand vehicle to pick up the user. Additionally, oralternatively, routing module 1530 may be configured to obtain anindication of a current utilized capacity of the fixed-line ridesharingvehicle and inform the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle isenroute and direct the user to the first pick-up location when the firstvalue is more than the second value but the current utilized capacity ofthe fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is below a capacity threshold.

In some embodiments, routing module 1530 may determine that theon-demand vehicle can pick up the user at a first time. Using historicaldemand data to predict near-future demand for ridesharing requests inthe geographical area associated with a current location of the user,routing module 1530 may direct the on-demand vehicle to pick up the userat a second pick-up tip later than the first pick up time. By doing so,routing module 1530 may optimize the fleet of ridesharing vehicles toaccount for historical demand of the ridesharing service. In someembodiments, the second pick-up time may be such that a waiting time ofthe user is less than the waiting threshold. Additionally, oralternatively, routing module 1530 may determine the second pick up timebased on a departure time of a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle from thegeographical area to create a time interval between a departure time ofthe on-demand vehicle and the departure time of the fixed-lineridesharing vehicle. By doing so, routing module 1530 may accomplishpurposeful spacing of on-demand vehicle based on predicted demand.Routing module 1530 may also determine a second pick up time based on adeparture time of another on-demand ridesharing vehicle from thegeographical area to create spacing in departure times among differenton-demand ridesharing vehicles. In some embodiments, the spacing in thedeparture times of on-demand ridesharing vehicle may be based on atleast some of a volume of the near future demand, a number of on-demandridesharing vehicles, a number of alternative routes, a time of day, aday of week, and/or an anticipated speed of the on-demand ridesharingvehicle.

For example, in a loop-like city topology environment, on-demandvehicles may not be permitted to exit the departure point too soon afterother on-demand vehicles depart from the exit point. In addition, asystem that integrates on-demand services and fixed-line services mayimpose on on-demand driver regulations similar to those in fixed-linesservices. For example, on-demand driver may not drive more than apredetermined continuous duration of time and that once they reach thepredetermined continuous duration, the on-demand driver may be requiredto take a break from driving. In some embodiments, the break may berequired to be a minimum percentage duration of the predeterminedcontinuous duration.

As illustrated in FIG. 15 , database 1550 may be configured to store anytype of information associated with modules 1510-1540, depending onimplementation specific considerations. For example, in someembodiments, database access module 1540 may be configured to access oneor more prior-stored maps of geographical areas for determining a route,database 1550 may store the geographical maps and transmit the storeddata to routing module 1530. In other embodiments, where routing module1530 may be configured to direct a user to a fixed-line ridesharingvehicle, database access module 1540 may be configured to access andretrieve data collected by data collection module 1510 and stored indatabase 1550 pertaining to drop-off locations, hours of operation,historical or current demand information and/or utilized capacity forthe fixed-line vehicle. Any one of data collection module 1510, riderequest module 1520, routing module 1530, may access database 1550 forstored data by way of database access module 1540.

Modules 1510-1540 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, orany combination of software, hardware or firmware. For example, if themodules are implemented in software, they may be stored in memory 250.However, in some embodiments, any one or more of modules 1510-1540 anddata associated with database 1550 may, for example, be stored inprocessor 310 and/or executed on a device associated with ridesharingmanagement system 100. Modules 1510-1540 may be configured to interactwith each other and/or other modules of memory 250 to perform functionsconsistent with disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process 1700 for assigningon-demand vehicles based on estimated time of arrival of a fixed-linevehicle, consistent with disclosed embodiments. In one embodiment, thesteps of process 1700 may be performed by a vehicle management server,such as ridesharing management server 150 described above with referenceto FIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, at least some of the steps of process1700 may be performed by a mobile communications device, such as themobile communications devices 120 described above with reference toFIGS. 1 and 2 . In the following description, reference is made tocertain components of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes of illustration. It will beappreciated, however, that other implementations are possible and thatother components may be used to implement example methods disclosedherein.

At step 1710, processing unit 310 may receive a ride request from auser, the ride request including a desired destination and informationassociated with a current location of the user. At step 1720, processingunit 310 may receive location information for a first group of on-demandridesharing vehicles and a second group of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles via data interface 128. For instance, the location informationmay be derived at least partially from a global positioning system (GPS)associated with the users' and/or drivers' communications devices.

At step 1730, processing unit 310 may identify a fixed-line ridesharingvehicle available to pick-up the user from a first pick-up locationother than the current location of the user. For example, identifying afixed line ridesharing vehicle may include a vehicle having a fixedroute, similar to a public transportation schedule, operating in a sameor proximal geographical are of a current location of the user. At step1740, processing unit 310 may identify an on-demand ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a second pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user.

At step 1750, processing unit 310 may determine a first value indicativeof a time duration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive atthe first pick-up location. At step 1760, processing unit 310 maydetermine a second value indicative of a time duration for the on-demandridesharing vehicle to arrive at the second pick-up location. Riderequest module 1520 may compare the first value to the second value andmay also analyze the values in view of one or more additional parametersincluding a waiting time, a walking distance, a travel duration, etc.Processing unit may also analyze additional parameters includinghistorical demand information for purposeful spacing of on-demandvehicles based on predicted demand in a geographical area.

At step 1770, processing unit 310 the first value is less than thesecond value, inform the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle isenroute and direct the user to the first pick-up location. Processingunit 310 may further transmit instruction for generating and/or routingthe fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to the first pick-up location.

Temporarily Allocating Fixed Public Transport Vehicles as Dynamic PublicTransport Vehicles

In certain circumstances, fixed-line public transport vehicles may betemporarily allocated as dynamic public transport vehicles based on anevent associated with an atypical demand for transportation. Thefixed-line ridesharing vehicle may include buses or other vehicles thatoperate at a certain frequency or on a certain route, which may dependon time of day or day of week. For example, a driving accident, masscasualty incident, a disruption in a service line, or a planned eventsuch as a sports game, may result in an unexpected, or atypical, demandfor transportation. In such circumstances, ride management server 150may allocate certain fixed-line ridesharing vehicles as dynamicridesharing vehicles to account for this demand. The allocation mayoccur as a result of a determination that a prior fixed-line ridesharingallocation is insufficient for meeting in atypical demand.

FIG. 18 depicts an embodiment of memory module 250 for allocating afixed-line ridesharing transport vehicle as a dynamic transport vehicle.Memory 250 may store a plurality of modules, and may be executable by atleast one processor to perform various methods and processes disclosedherein. Further, it should be noted that memory 250 may store more orfewer modules than those shown in FIG. 18 , depending onimplementation-specific considerations.

As illustrated in FIG. 18 , memory 250 may store software instructionsto execute a data collection module 1810, a demand module 1820, a routeallocation module 1830, a database access module 1840, and may include adatabase 1850. Data collection module 1810 may include softwareinstruction for receiving information related to one or more events, oneor more users, one or more on-demand vehicle, and/or one or morefixed-line vehicles from one or more sources. Demand module 1820 mayinclude software instruction for analyzing information received by datacollection module 1810 to identify an event indicative of atypicaldemand for transport service. Route allocation module 1830 may includesoftware instruction for compensating for the inability of one or moreridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand and routing avehicle accordingly. Database access module 1840 may include softwareinstruction executable to interact with database 1850, to store and/orreceive information collected by data collection module 1810.

Data collection module 1810 may include software instructions forcollecting data associated with one or more ridesharing vehicles, and/oran event. In some embodiments, data collection module 1810 may receivedata via communications interface 360. For example, data collectionmodule 1810 may include software instructions for receiving locationinformation from a plurality of communication devices associated with aplurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. The received locationinformation may include global positioning system (GPS) data generatedby GPS components associated with the plurality of communicationdevices. Additionally, or alternatively, data collection module 1810 mayreceive other location information, such as cell tower triangulationdata, Wi-Fi or other signal strength data, or any other combination oflocation information.

Data collection module 1810 may also include software instructions forreceiving information indicative of an event associated with atypicaldemand for transportation. For example, data collection module 1810 maycollect data indicative of an event, wherein the event includes at leastone of: a temporary disruption of a public transportation service, aterror attack, a severe weather event. In some embodiments, informationindicative of the event may be received from the communication devicesof a plurality of users in need for transportation. For example, ridemanagement server 150 may detect a spike in the number of ride requestsreceived in a particular geographical region. In some embodiments, theinformation indicative of the event may include information receivedfrom an entity associated with a municipal office. For example, ridemanagement server 150 may receive information that a certain municipalregion has issued an evacuation of a building or area. Ride managementserver 150 may determine that this information is expected to result inan atypical increase in demand for transportation. For example, theevacuation may occur during business hours when demand fortransportation is typically low compared to rush hour. Alternatively, oradditionally, the information indicative of the event associated withatypical demand for transportation is received from an emergencydispatch center. For example, the emergency dispatch center may transmitinformation to data collection module 1810 indicating that a masscasualty incident has occurred in a specific location causing certainmodes of public transportation to become unavailable and/or requestingassistance to or from the specific location.

Data collection module 1810 may also include software instructions forobtain information indicative of current utilized capacity of theplurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. For example, datacollection module 1810 may receive data relating to a maximum capacityof passengers a fixed-line vehicle is able to transport and a number ofpassengers currently being transported by the fixed-line ridesharingvehicle. The number of passengers currently being transported by thefixed-line ridesharing vehicle may represent the current utilizedcapacity. The difference in between the maximum capacity and theutilized capacity may represent an available capacity. In someembodiments, the current utilized capacity information may include datarelating to a number of passengers assigned to the fixed-line vehicle,that has not been picked up yet but is expected to be picked up.

Data collection module 1810 may also include software instructions forcollecting data identifying predetermined driving routes of a pluralityof fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. For example, the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles may operate on a predetermined schedule,including a predetermined number of stops, predetermined drop-offlocations, and dynamic schedule of the stops. The predetermined drivingroutes may be based on a time of day or day of week. The predetermineddriving routes may also be classified for a type of fixed-lineridesharing vehicle and/or a specific geographical region. For example,certain bus lines may include routes within a certain geographicalregion while other bus lines operate routes within an adjacentgeographical region. There may be some or no overlap between thepredetermined routed of the fixed-line vehicles operating in eachgeographical region.

Data collection module 1810 may also include software instructions forreceiving one or more ride requests from one or more users requestingtransportation services. A ride request may be transmitted toridesharing management server 150 and may include information such as acurrent location of a user, a desired destination of the user, anidentity of the user, a rating of the user, a number of passengers to bepicked-up, etc. Information associated with a ride request may bereceived, for example, from a mobile communication device (e.g. asmartphone, tablet, wearable device, etc.) associated with a user.Network 140 may be configured to transmit data to communicationsinterface 340 for processing by processor 310. In some embodiments, theride requests may include one or more pick-up locations from which oneor more fixed-line vehicles are able to pick-up a user. The receivedinformation may also include a current location of one or more users ofa ridesharing system transmitting the request to ridesharing managementserver 150. The pick-up locations and/or the current locationinformation may be received as geographical coordinate information,street address, or a region prescribed by a geo-fence.

Data collection module 1810 may also be configured to receive dataassociated with a specific location associated with the event. Forexample, data collection module 1810 may receive weather informationand/or traffic information. The weather and traffic information mayinclude real-time data or historical data associated with the specificlocation and/or or more characteristics of the event including a time ofday, day of week, season of the year. The one or more characteristics ofthe event may be compared with historical characteristics for todetermine if an event is atypical or likely to result in atypical demandfor transportation.

Demand module 1820 may be configured to determine an inability of one ormore fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in a plurality of ridesharingvehicles to address the atypical demand for transportation. For example,in some embodiments, demand module 1820 may analyze data collected bydata collection module 1810 and determine whether or not certainfixed-line ridesharing vehicles are able to meet the atypical demand fortransportation.

In some embodiments, an event associated with the atypical demand fortransportation may be associated with a specific location and/or aninability of a plurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles to addressthe atypical demand for transportation. The inability to address theatypical demand may be caused at least partially by the event causing atleast portions of the predetermined driving routes of the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles to become unavailable. For example, insome embodiments, a severe weather event may cause a train service toshut down. The train may represent a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle thatis no longer available for transporting passengers. Data collectionmodule 1810 may receive information related to the weather and/orinformation that train service in a particular geographical region in nolonger operating. Demand module 1820 may thereafter determine, based onthis information, that the fixed-line train service and/or otherfixed-line modes of transportation are unable to address the atypicaldemand caused by the severe weather event causing train service tobecome unavailable.

In some embodiments, the event associated with the atypical demand fortransportation is associated with a geographic area and/or the inabilityof a plurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles to address an atypicaldemand for transportation may be caused at least partially due to a lowfrequency of the plurality of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles passingthrough the geographic area. For example, in some embodiments, ageographical region typically experiencing five fixed-line ridesharingvehicles through a geographical region may begin to experience fewer,such as two, fixed-line ridesharing vehicles passing through thegeographical regions during the same period of time. Demand module 1820may determine that the decrease in frequency is not sufficient to meet ademand for transport requests.

Route allocation module 1830 may include software instructions for,based on accessed data identifying predetermined driving routes,selecting a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to temporarily cease drivingalong its predetermined route. For example, in some embodiments, rideallocation module 1830 may select a bus on a predetermined route andtransmit instructions to a device associated with the selected vehicleto cease driving along the predetermined route. The particular vehicleselected for cease driving may be selected based on information receivedby data collection module 1810 including for example, a geographicalproximity to a location of the atypical demand and/or an indication thatthere is sufficient capacity in the selected vehicle to meet theatypical demand for transport.

In some embodiments, route allocation module 1830 may compensate for theinability of one of more fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in a pluralityof fixed-line ridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand fortransportation by directing a selected fixed-line ridesharing vehiclealong a new driving route that differs from the predetermined drivingroute associated with the one or more fixed-line ridesharing vehicles inthe plurality. In some embodiments, route allocation module 1830 maydirect a selected group of fixed-line ridesharing vehicles toward aspecific location associated with the atypical demand. For example,route allocation module 1830 may direct a group of buses previouslyassigned to the specific location in order to pick up one or morepassengers requesting transport. Additionally, or alternatively, routeallocation module 1830 may select the group of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles further based on the information obtained regarding a currentutilized capacity of the fixed-line ridesharing vehicles. For example,route allocation module 1830 may select a group of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles, such as buses, to the specific location based onan indicated that there is sufficient capacity to accommodate theatypical demand for transport. In some embodiments, the selected groupof fixed-line ridesharing vehicles may include at least one fixed-lineridesharing vehicle without passengers and at least one fixed-lineridesharing vehicle with passengers traveling to differing locationsassociated with differing predetermined driving routes. Each of theselected vehicles may be directed along different new routes to thespecific location associated with the atypical demand.

Additionally, or alternatively, route allocation module 1830 may directa selected group of on-demand ridesharing vehicles toward the specificlocation. The one or more selected on-demand ridesharing vehicles may bedirected on a new driving route towards a specific location associatedwith the atypical demand and/or towards a specific location with anatypical concentration of ride requests. The selected group of on-demandvehicles may be directed toward the specific location associated withthe atypical demand. For example, in some embodiments, a first on-demandvehicle in the selected group of on-demand vehicles may be directed to alocation where a train service is no longer operating provide one ormore passengers previously being transported by the train service totheir desired destination. Additionally, or alternatively, routeallocation module 1830 may reassign users scheduled to be picked up bythe selected group of on-demand ridesharing vehicles to differenton-demand ridesharing vehicles. For example, in some embodiments, a userassigned to the selected on-demand ridesharing vehicle to be picked upfrom a location distal to the specific location may be reassigned to adifferent non-selected on-demand ridesharing vehicle, such that theselected on-demand ridesharing vehicle can be directed to the specificlocation to address the atypical demand, with minimal consequences tothe previously assigned user. Additionally, or alternatively, routingmodule 1830 may change drop-off locations of users currently riding theselected group of on-demand to locations along new driving routes towardthe specific location. For example, a user previously assigned to bedropped off at a first drop-off location may instead be dropped off at asecond drop-off location along the new driving route. The seconddrop-off location may be close to the first drop-off location.Additionally, the second drop-off location may be a designated drop-offlocation for accessing alternative modes of transportation, including adifferent ridesharing vehicle assigned to pick-up the users at thesecond drop-off location and resume transportation to the first drop-offlocation.

Additionally, or alternatively, route allocation module 1830 maydetermine the new driving route for the selected fixed-line ridesharingvehicle based on the specific location and at least one current trafficcondition. For example, in some embodiments, the new driving route maybe determined based on information received by data collection module1810 indicative traffic congestion in a certain region of the specificlocation. Route allocation module 1830 may analyze the data in order todetermine a route that optimizes the new driving route according to oneor more parameters. The one or more parameters may include one or moreof a travel duration, a travel distance, and/or fuel consumptionefficiency associated with various roads and routes of travel associatedwith the specific location.

Additionally, or alternatively, route allocation module 1830 maydetermine a new driving route based on a distribution of users in needfor transportation within the geographic area and at least one currenttraffic condition. For example, a first ridesharing vehicle may berouted along a new driving route to a location within a geographicallocation proximal to the specific location associated with the atypicaldemand to account for a first group of users within a distribution ofusers located near an epicenter of the event. A second ridesharing maybe directed along a new driving route to a location within ageographical location distal to the specific location associated withthe atypical demand to account for a second group of users within thedistribution of users located further away from the epicenter of theevent to mitigate the atypical demand across a distribution of locationsassociated with the specific location. Route allocation module mayanalyze data received by data collection module 1810 to account for oneor more traffic conditions associated with the geographical area andeach vehicle in the group of selected vehicles accordingly.

Additionally, or alternatively, route allocation module 1830 may includesoftware instructions for after abatement of the inability, terminatingtravel of the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle along the newdriving route and direct the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle toreturn to traveling according to its predetermined driving route. Forexample, route allocation module 1830 may determine that the atypicaldemand has subsided and/or has been sufficiently accounted for andthereafter terminate travel of the selected ridesharing vehicle alongthe new driving route to the specific location and redirect the selectedvehicle to its predetermined driving route. The predetermined drivingroute may be one that that the ridesharing vehicle was travelling onprior to being routed to the specific location to compensate for theatypical demand.

As illustrated in FIG. 18 , database 1850 may be configured to store anytype of information associated with modules 1810-1840, depending onimplementation specific considerations. For example, in someembodiments, database 1850 may store the predetermined driving routes,database access module 1840 may be configured to access data identifyinga predetermined driving route of a predetermined fixed-line ridesharingvehicles and may subsequently transmit the stored data to routeallocation module 1830. Any one of data collection module 1810, demandmodule 1820, route allocation module 1830, may access database 1850 forstored data by way of database access module 1840.

Modules 1810-1840 may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, orany combination of software, hardware or firmware. For example, if themodules are implemented in software, they may be stored in memory 250.However, in some embodiments, any one or more of modules 1810-1840 anddata associated with database 1850 may, for example, be stored inprocessor 310 and/or executed on a device associated with ridesharingmanagement system 100. Modules 1810-1840 may be configured to interactwith each other and/or other modules of memory 250 to perform functionsconsistent with disclosed embodiments.

FIG. 19 is an exemplary schematic of ridesharing vehicle 1910 selectedfor addressing an atypical demand for transportation. In one embodiment,ridesharing vehicle may represent a fixed line vehicle associated withpredetermined driving route 1920. Upon receiving information indicationof event 1930, ridesharing vehicle 1910 may be directed along newdriving route 1950. Event 1920 may be identified based on informationreceived and may indicate a temporary disruption of a publictransportation service, a terror attack, or severe weather event. Newdriving route 1950 may be determined based on an identification of aspecific location associated with event 1930 and may represent ageographical region 1920 in which event 1930 has transpired, istranspiring, and/or an area surrounding event 1930 likely to be affectedby and/or experience the atypical demand for transportation. New drivingroute 1950 may direct ridesharing vehicle 1910 to geographical region1940 to address the atypical demand for transportation.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing an exemplary process 2000 for assigningon-demand vehicles based on estimated time of arrival of a fixed-linevehicle, consistent with disclosed embodiments. In one embodiment, thesteps of process 2000 may be performed by a vehicle management server,such as ridesharing management server 150 described above with referenceto FIGS. 1 and 3 . Alternatively, at least some of the steps of process2000 may be performed by a mobile communications device, such as themobile communications devices 120 described above with reference toFIGS. 1 and 2 . In the following description, reference is made tocertain components of FIGS. 1-3 for purposes of illustration. It will beappreciated, however, that other implementations are possible and thatother components may be used to implement example methods disclosedherein.

At step 2010, processing unit 310 may receive information indicative ofan event associated with atypical demand for transportation. Theinformation indicative of the event may include information suggesting adisruption of existing fixed-line service to an area and/or anoccurrence of an event that increases a need to transportation beyond atypical volume of need.

At step 2020, processing unit 310 may receive location information froma plurality of communication devices associated with a plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles. The location information may be derivedat least partially from a global positioning system associated with theusers' and/or drivers' communications devices. The location informationmay include one or more of a current location of the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles and/or location information associatedwith a predetermined route along which the fixed-line ridesharingvehicles are traveling.

At step 2030, processing unit 310 may determine an inability of one ormore fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality of fixed-lineridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand for transportation.For example, identifying a fixed line ridesharing vehicle may include afixed-line vehicle operating in a geographical region associated withthe atypical demand, but with insufficient capacity to satisfy thedemand for transportation within a predetermined period of time.

At step 2040, processing unit 310 may access data identifyingpredetermined driving routes of the plurality of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles. The predetermine driving routes may include one or more routesalong which the plurality of fixed-lien driving vehicles were scheduledto travel along prior to processing unit 310 receiving informationindicative of an event associated with atypical demand fortransportation.

At step 2050, processing unit 310 may select a fixed-line ridesharingvehicle to temporarily cease driving along its predetermined drivingroute. The fixed-line ridesharing vehicle may be selected based on thedata accessed at step 2040. For example, the fixed-line ridesharingvehicle may be selected based on information that the predetermineddriving route included stops proximal to a location associated with theevent.

At step 2060, processing unit 310 may compensate for the inability ofthe one or more fixed-line ridesharing vehicles in the plurality offixed-line ridesharing vehicles to address the atypical demand fortransportation by directing the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehiclealong a new driving route that differs from the predetermined drivingroute. For example, processing unit 310 may direct the selected vehiclealong a route towards the specific location in order to pick up one ormore users demanding transportation from the location associated withthe atypical demand.

At step 2070, processing unit 310 may terminate travel of the selectedfixed-line ridesharing vehicle along the new driving route and directthe selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to return to travelingaccording to its predetermined driving route, after abatement of theinability. For example, upon determining that the demand fortransportation in the specific location has returned to or is close to atypical level of demand, the selected fixed-line ridesharing vehicle maybe directed to return to the predetermined route. Processor 310 maydetermine that the selected ridesharing vehicle is no longer required toaddress the atypical demand because the atypical demand has subsided.

The foregoing description has been presented for purposes ofillustration. It is not exhaustive and is not limited to the preciseforms or embodiments disclosed. Modifications and adaptations will beapparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of thespecification and practice of the disclosed embodiments. Additionally,although aspects of the disclosed embodiments are described as beingstored in memory, one skilled in the art will appreciate that theseaspects can also be stored on other types of computer readable media,such as secondary storage devices, e.g., hard disks or CD ROM, or otherforms of RAM or ROM, USB media, DVD, Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-ray, or otheroptical drive media.

Computer programs based on the written description and disclosed methodsare within the skills of an experienced developer. The various programsor program modules can be created using any of the techniques known toone skilled in the art or can be designed in connection with existingsoftware. For example, program sections or program modules can bedesigned in or by means of .Net Framework, .Net Compact Framework (andrelated languages, such as Visual Basic, C, etc.), Java, C++,Objective-C, HTML, HTML/AJAX combinations, XML, or HTML with includedJava applets.

Moreover, while illustrative embodiments have been described herein, thescope of any and all embodiments having equivalent elements,modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across variousembodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated bythose skilled in the art based on the present disclosure. The examplesare to be construed as non-exclusive. Furthermore, the steps of thedisclosed methods may be modified in any manner, including by reorderingsteps and/or inserting or deleting steps. It is intended, therefore,that the specification and examples be considered as illustrative only,with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims andtheir full scope of equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system for directing ridesharing vehicles, thesystem comprising: a communications interface configured to: receive aride request from a user, wherein the ride request includes a desireddestination and information associated with a current location of theuser; and receive location information of a first group of on-demandridesharing vehicles and a second group of fixed-line ridesharingvehicles; at least one processor configured to: based on the receivedlocation information, identify a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a first pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user; based on the received locationinformation, identify an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available topick-up the user from a second pick-up location other than the currentlocation of the user; determine a first value indicative of a timeduration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the firstpick-up location; determine a second value indicative of a time durationfor the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the second pick-uplocation; and when the first value is less than the second value, informthe user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and directthe user to the first pick-up location.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein: when the first value is greater than the second value but belowa waiting threshold, the at least one processor is further configured toinform the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute anddirect the user to the first pick-up location.
 3. The system of claim 2,wherein when the first value is greater than the second value andgreater than the waiting threshold, the at least one processor isfurther configured to inform the user that the on-demand ridesharingvehicle is enroute and direct the user to the second pick-up location.4. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to determine a value for the waiting threshold based on oneor more environment conditions.
 5. The system of claim 3, wherein the atleast one processor is further configured to electronically assign theon-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user, and wherein theassignment includes determining a drop-off location at a location otherthan the desired destination for the user and is associated with adriving route in which the user shares at least a portion of a ride withat least two other users.
 6. The system of claim 3, wherein the at leastone processor is further configured to: access historical demand datafor ridesharing vehicles in a geographical area associated with thecurrent location of the user; determine that the on-demand ridesharingvehicle can pick the user at a first pick-up time; use the historicaldemand data to predict near-future demand for ridesharing requests inthe geographical area; and direct the on-demand ridesharing vehicle topick up the user at a second pick-up time later than the first pick-uptime.
 7. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to determine the second pick-up time such that awaiting time of the user is less than the waiting threshold.
 8. Thesystem of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to determine the second pick-up time based on a departuretime of a fixed-line ridesharing vehicle from the geographical area tocreate a time interval between a departure time of the on-demandridesharing vehicle and the departure time of the fixed-line ridesharingvehicle.
 9. The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor isfurther configured to determine the second pick-up time based on adeparture time of another on-demand ridesharing vehicle from thegeographical area to create spacing in departure times of on-demandridesharing vehicles.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the spacing inthe departure times of on-demand ridesharing vehicles is based on atleast some of: volume of the near-future demand, number of on-demandridesharing vehicles, number of alternative routes, time of day, day ofweek, and anticipated speeds of the on-demand ridesharing vehicles. 11.The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to confirm that the first value is greater than a timeduration for the user to walk to the first pick-up location and that thesecond value is greater than a time duration it would take the user towalk to the second pick-up location.
 12. The system of claim 1, whereinthe at least one processor is further configured to: obtain anindication of a current utilized capacity of the fixed-line ridesharingvehicle; and assign the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up theuser when the first value is less than the second value but the currentutilized capacity of the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is greater thana capacity threshold.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the at leastone processor is further configured to: obtain an indication of acurrent utilized capacity of the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle; andinform the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute anddirect the user to the first pick-up location when the first value ismore than the second value but the current utilized capacity of thefixed-line ridesharing vehicle is below a capacity threshold.
 14. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is furtherconfigured to: estimate a travel duration for the user to reach thedesired destination when traveling in the on-demand ridesharing vehicleand a travel duration for the user to reach the desired destination whentraveling in the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle; and assign theon-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when the first valueis less than the second value but the travel duration when the usertravels in the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is greater than the travelduration when the user travels in the on-demand ridesharing vehicle. 15.The system of claim 1, wherein the first pick-up location and the secondpick-up location are located on a same street.
 16. The system of claim1, wherein the first pick-up location and the second pick-up locationare located on different streets.
 17. A method for directing ridesharingvehicles, the method comprising: receiving a ride request from a user,wherein the ride request includes a desired destination and informationassociated with a current location of the user; receiving locationinformation of a first group of on-demand ridesharing vehicles and asecond group of fixed-lines ridesharing vehicles; based on the receivedlocation information, identifying a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a first pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user; based on the received locationinformation, identifying an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available topick-up the user from a second pick-up location other than the currentlocation of the user; determining a first value indicative of a timeduration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the firstpick-up location; determining a second value indicative of a timeduration for the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the secondpick-up location; and when the first value is less than the secondvalue, informing the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle isenroute and directing the user to the first pick-up location.
 18. Themethod of claim 17, further comprising: when the first value is greaterthan the second value but below a waiting threshold, informing the userthat the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is enroute and directing theuser to the first pick-up location; and when the first value is greaterthan the second value and greater than the waiting threshold, informingthe user that the on-demand ridesharing vehicle is enroute and directingthe user to the second pick-up location.
 19. The method of claim 18,further comprising: assigning the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pickup the user, wherein the assignment includes determining a drop-offlocation at a location other than the desired destination for the userand is associated with a driving route in which the user shares at leasta portion of a ride with at least two other users.
 20. The method ofclaim 17, further comprising: obtaining an indication of a currentutilized capacity at the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle; and assigningthe on-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when the firstvalue is less than the second value but the current utilized capacity ofthe fixed-line ridesharing vehicle is greater than a capacity threshold.21. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storinginstructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the atleast one processor to perform a method for directing ridesharingvehicles, the method comprising: receiving a ride request from a user,wherein the ride request includes a desired destination and informationassociated with a current location of the user; receiving locationinformation of a first group of on-demand ridesharing vehicles and asecond group of fixed-lines ridesharing vehicles; based on the receivedlocation information, identifying a fixed-line ridesharing vehicleavailable to pick-up the user from a first pick-up location other thanthe current location of the user; based on the received locationinformation, identifying an on-demand ridesharing vehicle available topick-up the user from a second pick-up location other than the currentlocation of the user; determining a first value indicative of a timeduration for the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the firstpick-up location; determining a second value indicative of a timeduration for the on-demand ridesharing vehicle to arrive at the secondpick-up location; and when the first value is less than the secondvalue, informing the user that the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle isenroute and directing the user to the first pick-up location.
 22. Thenon-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 21, to themethod further comprising: estimating a first walking distance for theuser when traveling in the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle and a secondwalking distance for the user to reach the desired destination whentraveling in the on-demand ridesharing vehicle; and assigning theon-demand ridesharing vehicle to pick up the user when the first valueis less than the second value but the first walking distance is greaterthan the second walking distance or when a combination of the firstvalue and the first walking distance is higher than a combination of thesecond value and the second walking distance.
 23. The non-transitorycomputer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the first walkingdistance comprises a distance for the user to reach the first pick-uplocation associated with the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle and thesecond walking distance comprises a distance for the user to reach thesecond pick-up location associated with the on-demand ridesharingvehicle.
 24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium ofclaim 22, wherein the first walking distance comprises a distance forthe user to reach the desired destination from a drop-off locationassociated with the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle and the secondwalking distance comprises a distance for the user to reach the desireddestination from a drop-off location associated with the on-demandridesharing vehicle.
 25. The non-transitory computer-readable storagemedium of claim 22, wherein the first walking distance comprises acombined distance for the user to reach the first pick-up locationassociated with the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle and a distance forthe user to reach the desired destination from a drop-off locationassociated with the fixed-line ridesharing vehicle and the secondwalking distance comprises a combined distance for the user to reach thesecond pick-up location associated with the on-demand ridesharingvehicle and a distance for the user to reach the desired destinationfrom a drop-off location associated with the on-demand ridesharingvehicle.